品种因素和日粮添加火麻油对奶水牛生产性能、脂肪酸组成及瘤胃微生物群的影响
发布时间：2018-07-28 15:29
【摘要】：试验一：比较研究不同品种对泌乳奶水牛产奶性能、乳脂脂肪酸组成、血液生理生化指标、血浆脂肪酸含量、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物群的影响。试验选取泌乳中期、胎次相近且健康状况良好的泌乳期摩拉、尼里-拉菲和三品杂奶水牛各5头,按品种分为3组。单槽饲喂,先粗后精,常规管理,自由饮水。结果表明,摩拉、尼里-拉菲、三品杂三个品种的产奶量、4%标准乳日产量和常规乳成分均无显著差异；三品杂乳脂C10：0含量和血浆各脂肪酸含量均显著高于尼里-拉菲(P0.05),三品杂和摩拉乳脂CLA含量均显著高于尼里-拉菲(P0.05)；三个品种瘤胃内pH、NH3-N、乳酸和VFA含量均无显著差异(P0.05),摩拉和三品杂瘤胃内乙酸／丙酸值显著低于尼里-拉菲(P＜0.05)；摩拉和三品杂瘤胃内原虫数量高于二尼里-拉菲,瘤胃内其他微生物数量均无显著差异(P0.05)。以上结果表明,三品杂和摩拉奶水牛牛乳品质高于尼里-拉菲奶水牛。试验二：日粮添加火麻油对泌乳奶水牛生产性能、乳脂脂肪酸组成、血液生理生化指标、血清抗氧化性、血浆脂肪酸含量、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物群的影响。选取18头泌乳中期、胎次相近且健康状况良好的泌乳期杂交奶水牛(广西本地水牛×尼里-拉菲水牛×摩拉水牛),随机分为3组(1个对照组和两个处理组),每组6头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮的精料中添加100 g/d的火麻油和200 g/d的火麻油。试验期为42天,其中预饲期14天,正式期28天。结果表明,日粮添加火麻油可以显著降低奶水牛采食量(P0.05),对4%标准乳日产量、乳蛋白率和乳糖有降低趋势(P0.05)。随着火麻油添加量和时间的增加,奶水牛乳脂十六碳及十六碳以下的脂肪酸占比降低,十八碳脂肪酸占比均有提高,对除C20：0外的十八碳以上的其他脂肪酸占比影响不大,其中火麻油能够显著提高CLA及CLA中C18：2n10t和C18：2n9c占比(P0.05),降低SFA和SFA/UFA,提高UFA、MUFA和PUFA占比。日粮添加100 g/d火麻油可以显著提高奶水牛血液中AST、TG、IgA、IgM、GSH-Px,降低MDA含量(P0.05),添加200g/d火麻油可以显著提高血清中HDL、AOC. GSH-Px和CAT含量(P0.05)；火麻油能够降低血浆中C6：0含量和SFA/UFA值,提高C18:1n9c、C18:2n6c、UFA、MUFA和PUFA含量,对血浆其他脂肪酸含量无显著影响。日粮添加火麻油对瘤胃内pH、NH3-N和乳酸浓度无显著影响(P0.05),对瘤胃各挥发性脂肪酸和TVFA含量有降低趋势(P0.05)。添加100g/d火麻油能够显著降低瘤胃原虫、产VA丁酸弧菌、黄化瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌的含量(P0.05),甲烷菌、反刍兽新月型单胞菌和白色瘤胃球菌随日粮火麻油添加量的增加有提高趋势(P0.05),添加火麻油对溶纤维丁酸弧菌、真菌、丁酸弧菌组细菌无显著影响(P0.05)。本试验结果表明：日粮添加火麻油能够提高了奶水牛乳脂功能性脂肪酸尤其是CLA的含量,提高水牛奶营养水平。
[Abstract]:Experiment 1: the effects of different varieties on milk production performance, fatty acid composition of milk fat, blood physiological and biochemical indexes, plasma fatty acid content, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial community were compared. In the experiment, five milk buffalo were selected in the middle lactation period, similar in birth order and good in health condition, and each of them was divided into 3 groups according to the variety of Mura, Nili-Lafite and three-pint mixed milk buffalo. Single trough feeding, first coarse and then refined, conventional management, free drinking water. The results showed that there was no significant difference in daily yield of standard milk between Mora, Nili Lafite and three varieties of mixed milk, and there was no significant difference between the daily yield of standard milk and the composition of conventional milk. The contents of C10: 0 in milk fat and fatty acids in plasma were significantly higher than those in Nili-Lafite (P0.05), and the CLA contents of three hybrids and Morrah were significantly higher than those of Near-Lafite (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the contents of NH _ 3-N, lactic acid and VFA in the rumen of the three varieties (P0.05). The value of acetic acid / propionic acid in the rumen of Mora and Sanpin hybrids was significantly lower than that of Niri-Lafite (P < 0. 05), and the number of protozoa in the rumen of Mora and Sanpin hybrids was higher than that of Dinari-Lafite. There was no significant difference in the number of other microorganisms in rumen (P0.05). The results showed that the milk quality of three mixed and Mora buffalo was higher than that of Nili-Lafite milk buffalo. Experiment 2: effects of flax oil on production performance, fatty acid composition of milk fat, blood physiological and biochemical indexes, serum antioxidant activity, plasma fatty acid content, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial community in lactation buffalo. Eighteen crossbred buffalo (Guangxi native buffalo 脳 Niri-Lafite buffalo 脳 Morrah buffalo) were randomly divided into 3 groups (one control group and two treatment groups) with 6 in each group. The control group was fed with basic diet and the experimental group was fed with 100 g / d of flax oil and 200 g / d of flax oil in the concentrate of the basal diet. The trial period was 42 days, including 14 days for prefeeding and 28 days for formal feeding. The results showed that the feed intake of buffalo significantly decreased (P0.05), and the daily yield of 4% standard milk, milk protein rate and lactose decreased (P0.05). With the increase of the amount and time of flax oil, the proportion of fatty acids under hexadecyl and less than hexadecyl in milk fat of milk buffalo decreased, and the proportion of octadecyl fatty acids increased, which had little effect on the proportion of fatty acids over octadecyl except C20: 0. The ratio of C18:2n10t and C18:2n9c in CLA and CLA was significantly increased (P0.05), and the ratio of SFA / SFA-UFA was decreased, and the proportion of UFA-MUFA and PUFA was increased. Supplementation of 100 g / d flax oil significantly increased the blood GSH-Px and decreased the MDA content in the blood of milk buffalo (P0.05), and the addition of 200g/d sesame oil significantly increased the serum HDL-AOC. The content of GSH-Px and CAT (P0.05), the content of C6: 0 and the value of SFA/UFA in plasma were decreased, and the contents of C18: 1n9cU, C18: 2n6cUFAMUFA and PUFA were increased, but there was no significant effect on the content of other fatty acids in plasma. Supplementation of flaxseed oil had no significant effect on rumen pH, NH _ 3-N and lactate concentration (P0.05), but decreased the contents of volatile fatty acids and TVFA in rumen (P0.05). The addition of 100g/d sesame oil could significantly reduce the contents of protozoa, Vibrio VA butyrate, Streptococcus aeruginosa and filamentous succinate (P0.05). Crescomonas ruminants and S. albicans increased with the increase of dietary oil (P0.05), but the addition of flaxseed oil had no significant effect on the bacteria of Vibrio fibrinolyticus, fungi and Vibrio butyrate group (P0.05). The results showed that the content of functional fatty acids, especially CLA, and the nutritional level of buffalo milk were increased by adding flax oil to diet.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823.5
，
本文编号：2150712
[Abstract]:Experiment 1: the effects of different varieties on milk production performance, fatty acid composition of milk fat, blood physiological and biochemical indexes, plasma fatty acid content, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial community were compared. In the experiment, five milk buffalo were selected in the middle lactation period, similar in birth order and good in health condition, and each of them was divided into 3 groups according to the variety of Mura, Nili-Lafite and three-pint mixed milk buffalo. Single trough feeding, first coarse and then refined, conventional management, free drinking water. The results showed that there was no significant difference in daily yield of standard milk between Mora, Nili Lafite and three varieties of mixed milk, and there was no significant difference between the daily yield of standard milk and the composition of conventional milk. The contents of C10: 0 in milk fat and fatty acids in plasma were significantly higher than those in Nili-Lafite (P0.05), and the CLA contents of three hybrids and Morrah were significantly higher than those of Near-Lafite (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the contents of NH _ 3-N, lactic acid and VFA in the rumen of the three varieties (P0.05). The value of acetic acid / propionic acid in the rumen of Mora and Sanpin hybrids was significantly lower than that of Niri-Lafite (P < 0. 05), and the number of protozoa in the rumen of Mora and Sanpin hybrids was higher than that of Dinari-Lafite. There was no significant difference in the number of other microorganisms in rumen (P0.05). The results showed that the milk quality of three mixed and Mora buffalo was higher than that of Nili-Lafite milk buffalo. Experiment 2: effects of flax oil on production performance, fatty acid composition of milk fat, blood physiological and biochemical indexes, serum antioxidant activity, plasma fatty acid content, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial community in lactation buffalo. Eighteen crossbred buffalo (Guangxi native buffalo 脳 Niri-Lafite buffalo 脳 Morrah buffalo) were randomly divided into 3 groups (one control group and two treatment groups) with 6 in each group. The control group was fed with basic diet and the experimental group was fed with 100 g / d of flax oil and 200 g / d of flax oil in the concentrate of the basal diet. The trial period was 42 days, including 14 days for prefeeding and 28 days for formal feeding. The results showed that the feed intake of buffalo significantly decreased (P0.05), and the daily yield of 4% standard milk, milk protein rate and lactose decreased (P0.05). With the increase of the amount and time of flax oil, the proportion of fatty acids under hexadecyl and less than hexadecyl in milk fat of milk buffalo decreased, and the proportion of octadecyl fatty acids increased, which had little effect on the proportion of fatty acids over octadecyl except C20: 0. The ratio of C18:2n10t and C18:2n9c in CLA and CLA was significantly increased (P0.05), and the ratio of SFA / SFA-UFA was decreased, and the proportion of UFA-MUFA and PUFA was increased. Supplementation of 100 g / d flax oil significantly increased the blood GSH-Px and decreased the MDA content in the blood of milk buffalo (P0.05), and the addition of 200g/d sesame oil significantly increased the serum HDL-AOC. The content of GSH-Px and CAT (P0.05), the content of C6: 0 and the value of SFA/UFA in plasma were decreased, and the contents of C18: 1n9cU, C18: 2n6cUFAMUFA and PUFA were increased, but there was no significant effect on the content of other fatty acids in plasma. Supplementation of flaxseed oil had no significant effect on rumen pH, NH _ 3-N and lactate concentration (P0.05), but decreased the contents of volatile fatty acids and TVFA in rumen (P0.05). The addition of 100g/d sesame oil could significantly reduce the contents of protozoa, Vibrio VA butyrate, Streptococcus aeruginosa and filamentous succinate (P0.05). Crescomonas ruminants and S. albicans increased with the increase of dietary oil (P0.05), but the addition of flaxseed oil had no significant effect on the bacteria of Vibrio fibrinolyticus, fungi and Vibrio butyrate group (P0.05). The results showed that the content of functional fatty acids, especially CLA, and the nutritional level of buffalo milk were increased by adding flax oil to diet.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823.5
，
本文编号：2150712
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