微生物发酵秸秆对肉羊生产性能和营养物质表观消化率的影响
发布时间：2018-08-02 11:17
【摘要】：秸秆在微生物发酵处理过程中,能够降解其内的粗纤维类物质转变为动物体容易消化吸收的小分子类化合物,并利用NPN合成菌体蛋白,提高秸秆的蛋白质含量。同时,还能产生消化酶、未知促生长因子等多种微生物代谢产物,提高饲料的适口性,改善秸秆饲料的营养价值,从而促进肉羊生长发育。目前为止,关于发酵玉米秸秆在肉羊上的应用很多,但是对适口性的提高,以及发酵后蛋白含量提高到12%以上,并能替代部分蛋白饲料,以降低其使用量还鲜有报道。本试验通过饲喂添加不同比例的微生物发酵秸秆,与饲喂传统的青贮秸秆作比较,研究其对小尾寒羊生产性能、营养物质表观消化率的影响,旨在探讨微生物发酵秸秆替代部分蛋白饲料在肉羔羊上的促生长作用,以期达到降低饲养成本,提高饲料转化率,进而为解决粮食短缺问题提供科学的理论依据。为研究发酵秸秆最适宜的添加比例,本试验设置4个处理组和1个对照组(微生物发酵秸秆的比例分别为25%、50%、75%、100%和0%),将80只育成小尾寒羊随机分为5组,每组16只,饲养期为3期,每期20天。饲喂结束后,每组选取4只进行消化代谢试验,研究其对肉羊生产性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响。结果表明,5组小尾寒羊的初始重和末重、平均日增重、料肉比、屠宰率和净肉率无显著差异(P0.05)。对于营养物质消化代谢率分析,75%、100%添加组食入总能和粪能与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05);各组间尿能、消化能、代谢能、总能消化率和总能代谢率差异不显著(P0.05)。25%和50%处理组食入氮水平比对照组分别降低了28.18%(P0.05)、30.86%(P0.05),75%、100%处理组食入氮水平与对照组无显著差异(P0.05);除75%添加组外,各组粪氮水平分别比对照组降低了20.74%(P0.05),41.48%(P0.05)和11.82%(P0.05);75%与100%处理组的沉积氮水平与对照组相比有微幅增加,但差异不显著(P0.05),各组尿氮、氮的消化率与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。各处理组小尾寒羊的干物质、粗脂肪、NDF和ADF的表观消化率与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),但钙、磷水平25%添加组显著低于对照组和100%添加组(P0.05),其它各组与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。总体来讲,添加75%的微生物发酵秸秆具有最适宜的能量代谢水平和氮代谢水平,提高净增重、屠宰率和净肉率,且能产生最高的经济效益。
[Abstract]:In the process of microbial fermentation, straw can degrade the crude fiber in the straw into small molecular compounds which are easily digested and absorbed by the animal, and synthesize the bacterial protein by NPN to increase the protein content of the straw. At the same time, many kinds of microbial metabolites, such as digestive enzymes and unknown growth promoting factors, can be produced to improve the palatability of feed and the nutritional value of straw feed, thus promoting the growth and development of meat sheep. Up to now, there are a lot of applications of fermented corn straw in meat sheep, but the improvement of palatability and the increase of protein content to more than 12% after fermentation can replace some protein feed to reduce its usage. The effect of microbial fermentation straw on the performance and apparent digestibility of small tail Han sheep was studied by comparing it with traditional silage straw. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microbial fermentation straw on the growth of meat and lamb in order to reduce the feeding cost, improve the feed conversion rate and provide a scientific theoretical basis for solving the problem of food shortage. In order to study the most suitable proportion of fermented straw, four treatment groups and one control group were set up in this experiment (the proportion of microbial fermentation straw was 2550% and 7575%, 100% and 0% respectively). 80 small tail Han sheep were randomly divided into 5 groups, 16 in each group, and the feeding period was 3. Each period is 20 days. At the end of feeding, four sheep in each group were selected for digestion and metabolism test to study their effects on the performance and apparent digestibility of nutrients in meat sheep. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the initial weight and the end weight, average daily gain, feed to meat ratio, slaughter rate and net meat rate of the five groups of small tail Han sheep (P0.05). There was no significant difference in total energy and fecal energy between 75% and 100% group compared with the control group (P0.05), urine energy, digestibility energy, metabolic energy among the groups were not significantly different from those in the control group (P0.05), and there was no significant difference in total energy and fecal energy between the two groups (P0.05). There was no significant difference in total energy digestibility and total energy metabolism rate between the treatment group and the control group (P0.05) .25% and 50%, respectively, which were 28.18% (P0.05), 30.86% (P0.05) and 30.86% (P0.05) respectively. There was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (P0.05), except for the 75% addition group, there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the fecal nitrogen levels in each group were reduced by 20.74% (P0.05) and 11.82% (P0.05) respectively, and the sediment nitrogen levels in the treatment group were slightly higher than those in the control group (P0.05), but the difference was not significant (P0.05), and the digestibility of urinary nitrogen and nitrogen in each group was not significantly different from that in the control group (P0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude fat NDF and ADF in the small tail Han sheep of each treatment group was not significantly different from that of the control group (P0.05), but the calcium and phosphorus levels of 25% added group were significantly lower than those of the control group and 100% addition group (P0.05), and the other groups had no significant difference compared with the control group (P0.05). In general, the addition of 75% microbial fermentation straw had the most suitable energy metabolism level and nitrogen metabolism level, increased net weight gain, slaughter rate and net meat rate, and could produce the highest economic benefit.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S826.5
本文编号：2159256
[Abstract]:In the process of microbial fermentation, straw can degrade the crude fiber in the straw into small molecular compounds which are easily digested and absorbed by the animal, and synthesize the bacterial protein by NPN to increase the protein content of the straw. At the same time, many kinds of microbial metabolites, such as digestive enzymes and unknown growth promoting factors, can be produced to improve the palatability of feed and the nutritional value of straw feed, thus promoting the growth and development of meat sheep. Up to now, there are a lot of applications of fermented corn straw in meat sheep, but the improvement of palatability and the increase of protein content to more than 12% after fermentation can replace some protein feed to reduce its usage. The effect of microbial fermentation straw on the performance and apparent digestibility of small tail Han sheep was studied by comparing it with traditional silage straw. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microbial fermentation straw on the growth of meat and lamb in order to reduce the feeding cost, improve the feed conversion rate and provide a scientific theoretical basis for solving the problem of food shortage. In order to study the most suitable proportion of fermented straw, four treatment groups and one control group were set up in this experiment (the proportion of microbial fermentation straw was 2550% and 7575%, 100% and 0% respectively). 80 small tail Han sheep were randomly divided into 5 groups, 16 in each group, and the feeding period was 3. Each period is 20 days. At the end of feeding, four sheep in each group were selected for digestion and metabolism test to study their effects on the performance and apparent digestibility of nutrients in meat sheep. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the initial weight and the end weight, average daily gain, feed to meat ratio, slaughter rate and net meat rate of the five groups of small tail Han sheep (P0.05). There was no significant difference in total energy and fecal energy between 75% and 100% group compared with the control group (P0.05), urine energy, digestibility energy, metabolic energy among the groups were not significantly different from those in the control group (P0.05), and there was no significant difference in total energy and fecal energy between the two groups (P0.05). There was no significant difference in total energy digestibility and total energy metabolism rate between the treatment group and the control group (P0.05) .25% and 50%, respectively, which were 28.18% (P0.05), 30.86% (P0.05) and 30.86% (P0.05) respectively. There was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (P0.05), except for the 75% addition group, there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the fecal nitrogen levels in each group were reduced by 20.74% (P0.05) and 11.82% (P0.05) respectively, and the sediment nitrogen levels in the treatment group were slightly higher than those in the control group (P0.05), but the difference was not significant (P0.05), and the digestibility of urinary nitrogen and nitrogen in each group was not significantly different from that in the control group (P0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude fat NDF and ADF in the small tail Han sheep of each treatment group was not significantly different from that of the control group (P0.05), but the calcium and phosphorus levels of 25% added group were significantly lower than those of the control group and 100% addition group (P0.05), and the other groups had no significant difference compared with the control group (P0.05). In general, the addition of 75% microbial fermentation straw had the most suitable energy metabolism level and nitrogen metabolism level, increased net weight gain, slaughter rate and net meat rate, and could produce the highest economic benefit.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S826.5
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