玉米秸秆叶制粒性能及其制粒机械的试验研究与分析
发布时间：2018-08-03 12:39
【摘要】：我国玉米秸秆的产量逐年增加,并已逐步成为第一大农作物秸秆。合理利用玉米秸秆资源,既关系到我国广大农村居民的生活质量,也牵涉到农业生态系统中土壤肥效、防止环境污染以及节约资源等问题,是保障农业可持续发展的重要影响因素之一。随着对秸秆资源有效利用的关注,对秸秆使用价值的研究也越来越多,玉米秸秆主要由皮、穰、叶组成,其各部分主要化学及营养成分各不相同,其中玉米秸秆叶粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量相对较高且粗纤维较少,适宜做动物饲料。但玉米秸秆叶堆积密度小,为便于存储、运输及饲喂,可将玉米秸秆叶加工成颗粒饲料,为反刍家畜提供营养丰富、质优价廉的粗饲料。本文通过对玉米秸秆叶进行压缩试验,以及平模制粒机的设计及建模,重点对玉米秸秆叶进行制粒性能的试验研究,得到的主要研究结论如下:(1)利用万能试验机及自制压缩装置进行粉碎后的玉米秸秆叶压缩试验,分析含水率(%)、压缩密度(g/cm3)、加载速度(mm/min)三因素与最大压缩力之间的关系,分析结果表明:含水率、压缩密度和加载速度三因素对最大压缩力的影响均极显著;三因素对最大压缩力的影响规律为:含水率越大,最大压缩力越小;随着压缩密度的增加,最大压缩力先缓慢上升后大幅度上升;随加载速度的增加,最大压缩力缓慢增加。压缩试验范围内,压缩成型块仍处于制粒过程的预压缩阶段,粒子间结合松散、孔隙率大。(2)基于玉米秸秆叶特性及其压缩试验,设计平模制粒机试验台。通过压缩试验、制粒预试验及理论分析,确定影响玉米秸秆叶制粒性能的主要因素有含水率(%)、模孔直径(mm,代表模孔长径比)、主轴转速(r/min)、添加剂配比(%)四因素。本文对以上因素进行试验研究,优化出玉米秸秆叶制粒适宜的工艺组合参数为:含水率19.95%、模孔直径范围为10~12mm、主轴转速211r/min、添加剂配比10.5%。此时,平模制粒机的生产率高于98%,抗破碎性高于99%,成型率大于88%,成型密度大于1.28g/cm3。(3)利用电子扫描显微镜对玉米秸秆叶及各影响因素不同水平的条件下压缩成型的颗粒饲料观察得出:玉米秸秆叶经过压缩后失去原有细胞结构的微观形貌,散粒体变形嵌合形成新的微观形貌,含水率、模孔直径、主轴转速和添加剂配比均对制粒性能有影响,选择适宜的含水率、模孔直径、主轴转速和添加剂配比的制粒条件有利于提高颗粒成型质量及密度。(4)利用高速摄像技术对制粒过程观察,以及对制粒过程压辊作用分析,结合的玉米秸秆叶的特性,本文提出斜槽压辊结构,通过改进压辊辊槽结构使物料随压辊转动时具有向平模圆心处运动趋势,通过理论计算确定斜槽螺旋角?范围;并利用EDEM软件对压辊工作状态进行模拟仿真,验证压辊斜槽对物料具有向平模转动轴心的推动作用。本文确定的优化参数能有效的提高玉米秸秆叶颗粒饲料成型质量和饲料品质,提出的斜槽压辊结构,有利于提升制粒机的工作效率并减少模辊的磨损。
[Abstract]:The yield of corn stalks in China has increased year by year, and has gradually become the largest crop straw. The rational use of corn straw resources is not only related to the quality of life of the rural residents in our country, but also related to the soil fertility of the agricultural ecosystem, the prevention of environmental pollution and the conservation of resources, which is important to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture. One of the influencing factors. With the attention to the effective utilization of straw resources, the research on the use value of straw is more and more. The corn straw mainly consists of the skin, the leaves and the leaves. The main chemical and nutritional components of the corn stalk are different, among which the corn straw leaf crude protein, the crude fat content is relatively high and the coarse fiber is less, suitable for animal feed. However, the density of corn stalk leaves is small. In order to facilitate storage, transportation and feeding, corn straw leaves can be processed into granular feed to provide nutritious and cheap coarse fodder for ruminant livestock. The compression test of corn straw and the design and modeling of the flat mold granulator are carried out in this paper. The grain performance of corn straw leaves is focused on. The main research conclusions are as follows: (1) the compression test of corn stalk leaves after crushing with universal testing machine and self-made compression device, analysis of the relationship between water content (%), compression density (g/cm3), loading speed (mm/min) and the maximum compression force, and the analysis results show that water content, compression density and loading speed have been shown. The effect of the three factors on the maximum compression force is very significant; the law of the influence of the three factors on the maximum compression force is that the greater the water content is, the smaller the maximum compression force is, the maximum compression force increases slowly with the increase of the compression density, and the maximum compression force increases slowly with the increase of the loading speed. Compression molding within the compression test range The block is still in the precompression stage of the granulation process, the particles are loosely combined and the porosity is large. (2) based on the characteristics of the corn stalk and the compression test, a flat mold granulator test bed is designed. The main factors affecting the grain performance of the corn stalk are water content (%), the diameter of the mold hole (mm, generation). The ratio of the length to diameter of the surface die, the spindle speed (r/min) and the additive ratio (%) four factors. In this paper, the above factors are studied in this paper. The optimum combination parameters of the corn straw granulation are as follows: the water content is 19.95%, the diameter of the mold hole is 10~12mm, the spindle speed is 211r/ min, and the ratio of the additive to 10.5%. is 10.5%., the productivity of the flat mold granulator is higher than 98% The anti breakability was higher than 99%, the molding rate was more than 88%, the molding density was more than 1.28g/cm3. (3). It was observed that the corn straw leaves and the different influence factors were compressed by the electron scanning microscope. After the compression of the corn straw leaves, the micromorphology of the original cell structure was lost after the compression of the corn stalk leaves, and the deformation and chimerism of the granular body was formed. The new micromorphology, water content, die hole diameter, spindle speed and additive ratio all have influence on the granulating performance. Choosing the appropriate water content, die hole diameter, spindle speed and additive ratio are beneficial to improve the quality and density of particle forming. (4) using high speed camera technology to observe the granulating process and the pressing of granulating process. Roll action analysis, combined with the characteristics of maize straw leaf, this paper puts forward the structure of the inclined groove press roll. By improving the roll groove structure of the roller, the movement trend of the material to the center of the flat die when the material is rotated with the pressure roller, the angle of the helical angle of the inclined slot is determined by the theoretical calculation, and the working state of the roller is simulated by the EDEM software, and the inclined groove of the roller is verified. The optimized parameters of this paper can effectively improve the quality of the corn straw leaf pellet feed and feed quality, and put forward the structure of the inclined groove press roll, which is helpful to improve the working efficiency of the granulator and reduce the wear of the die roll.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816.9
本文编号：2161777
[Abstract]:The yield of corn stalks in China has increased year by year, and has gradually become the largest crop straw. The rational use of corn straw resources is not only related to the quality of life of the rural residents in our country, but also related to the soil fertility of the agricultural ecosystem, the prevention of environmental pollution and the conservation of resources, which is important to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture. One of the influencing factors. With the attention to the effective utilization of straw resources, the research on the use value of straw is more and more. The corn straw mainly consists of the skin, the leaves and the leaves. The main chemical and nutritional components of the corn stalk are different, among which the corn straw leaf crude protein, the crude fat content is relatively high and the coarse fiber is less, suitable for animal feed. However, the density of corn stalk leaves is small. In order to facilitate storage, transportation and feeding, corn straw leaves can be processed into granular feed to provide nutritious and cheap coarse fodder for ruminant livestock. The compression test of corn straw and the design and modeling of the flat mold granulator are carried out in this paper. The grain performance of corn straw leaves is focused on. The main research conclusions are as follows: (1) the compression test of corn stalk leaves after crushing with universal testing machine and self-made compression device, analysis of the relationship between water content (%), compression density (g/cm3), loading speed (mm/min) and the maximum compression force, and the analysis results show that water content, compression density and loading speed have been shown. The effect of the three factors on the maximum compression force is very significant; the law of the influence of the three factors on the maximum compression force is that the greater the water content is, the smaller the maximum compression force is, the maximum compression force increases slowly with the increase of the compression density, and the maximum compression force increases slowly with the increase of the loading speed. Compression molding within the compression test range The block is still in the precompression stage of the granulation process, the particles are loosely combined and the porosity is large. (2) based on the characteristics of the corn stalk and the compression test, a flat mold granulator test bed is designed. The main factors affecting the grain performance of the corn stalk are water content (%), the diameter of the mold hole (mm, generation). The ratio of the length to diameter of the surface die, the spindle speed (r/min) and the additive ratio (%) four factors. In this paper, the above factors are studied in this paper. The optimum combination parameters of the corn straw granulation are as follows: the water content is 19.95%, the diameter of the mold hole is 10~12mm, the spindle speed is 211r/ min, and the ratio of the additive to 10.5%. is 10.5%., the productivity of the flat mold granulator is higher than 98% The anti breakability was higher than 99%, the molding rate was more than 88%, the molding density was more than 1.28g/cm3. (3). It was observed that the corn straw leaves and the different influence factors were compressed by the electron scanning microscope. After the compression of the corn straw leaves, the micromorphology of the original cell structure was lost after the compression of the corn stalk leaves, and the deformation and chimerism of the granular body was formed. The new micromorphology, water content, die hole diameter, spindle speed and additive ratio all have influence on the granulating performance. Choosing the appropriate water content, die hole diameter, spindle speed and additive ratio are beneficial to improve the quality and density of particle forming. (4) using high speed camera technology to observe the granulating process and the pressing of granulating process. Roll action analysis, combined with the characteristics of maize straw leaf, this paper puts forward the structure of the inclined groove press roll. By improving the roll groove structure of the roller, the movement trend of the material to the center of the flat die when the material is rotated with the pressure roller, the angle of the helical angle of the inclined slot is determined by the theoretical calculation, and the working state of the roller is simulated by the EDEM software, and the inclined groove of the roller is verified. The optimized parameters of this paper can effectively improve the quality of the corn straw leaf pellet feed and feed quality, and put forward the structure of the inclined groove press roll, which is helpful to improve the working efficiency of the granulator and reduce the wear of the die roll.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816.9
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