葡萄籽原花青素对奶牛抗氧化状况和酮病等指标的影响

发布时间：2018-08-03 16:46

【摘要】：奶牛机体的抗氧化能力与机体的健康水平息息相关,处于泌乳早期的高产奶牛易发生氧化应激,引起与氧化应激相关的疾病。提升奶牛机体的营养水平及监测机体的健康状况,对减少疾病的发生和疾病监测具有重要价值。葡萄籽原花青素(GSPE)属于多酚化合物,具有很强的抗氧化特性,作为奶牛饲料添加物鲜有报道。本研究进行三项试验,试验一探究GSPE对泌乳早期奶牛血浆抗氧化能力和酮病等指标的影响;试验二了解GSPE对牛奶抗氧化能力的影响,综合评价其对奶牛机体的作用;试验三筛选评价奶牛机体抗氧化状况的乳样指标。具体研究如下:试验一:葡萄籽原花青素对奶牛血浆抗氧化能力和酮病等指标的影响试验选择16头无临床疾病,泌乳天数、产奶量、体重、胎次、体况评分相近的泌乳早期奶牛,按完全随机设计分为4组(G0、G20、G40、G80),每组随机接受1个试验处理,即饲喂0、20、40和80mg/kgBW/day的GSPE。于 Oh(灌喂前)、3h、6h、12h、24h、48h、72h、96h、120h、144h 和 168h采集血样,测定下列氧化/抗氧化指标:总抗氧化能力TAC(血浆铁还原力法)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GPX(DTNB法)、超氧化物歧化酶SOD(羟胺法)、丙二醛MDA(硫代巴比妥酸法),过氧化氢H2O2(钼酸显色法)。检测酮病等指标:葡萄糖GLU(GOP-PAP法-双剂型)、游离脂肪酸NEFA(可见光比色法)及酮体KET(改良水杨醛比色法)。结果显示,与GO组相比,G20、G40、G80在血浆氧化抗氧化方面TAC、GPX、SOD、MDA和H2O2均未产生显著影响(P0.05)。在代谢变化方面,G20、G40、G80组的GLU含量均值均高于GO组,在“试验时间×分组”效应上,饲喂GSPE对血浆GLU产生极显著的影响(P0.01),且G40组的效果优于G20、G80;G40相对于GO组NEFA含量在“试验时间×分组”效应上在生理浓度范围内显著升高(P0.05);饲喂GSPE对酮体未产生显著影响(P0.05)。结果表明,饲喂GSPE可提高泌乳早期奶牛机体的血浆葡萄糖水平,对于减少泌乳早期奶牛能量负平衡的发生具有积极作用,以40mg/kg BW/day的GSPE效果较好。试验二:葡萄籽原花青素对奶牛乳汁抗氧化能力和酮体含量的影响选择48头泌乳早期奶牛,按完全随机设计分为4组:G0、G20、G40、G80。对照组(GO)饲喂原奶牛场的基础日粮;G20、G40和G80组,分别在基础日粮中添加20、40和80mg/kg BW/day的GSPE。试验期42 d,GSPE各剂量组每天上午灌喂一次GSPE溶液,GO组同时灌喂一次同等剂量的牛场饮用水,并于Od(灌喂前),7d,14d,21d,28d,35d,42d常规采集奶样分离乳清,测定TAC、GPX、H2O2及KET指标。结果显示,G0、G20、G40和G80四组奶牛乳清TAC、GPX、H202在分组效应上,G40组奶牛的乳清GPX活力极显著的高于G0组(P0.01),且GSPE各剂量组在试验期间乳清GPX活力均高于G0组;乳清TAC、H2O2在GSPE各剂量组与G0组间差异不显著(P0.05),但相对于G0、G20、G80组,G40组的乳清TAC较高,乳清H202含量较低。从奶牛乳汁抗氧化状态变化上分析,40mgGSPE/kgBW/day的剂量,在改善奶牛乳汁抗氧化性能方面的效果更好。在代谢变化方面,酮体水平在GSPE各剂量组与G0组间均无显著差异(P0.05)。研究表明,在泌乳早期奶牛日粮中添加GSPE对乳汁抗氧化性能方面无负面影响,且40mg/kg BW/day的GSPE可改善乳汁GPX活力。试验三:奶牛血浆与乳清中抗氧化及酮体指标的含量及相关性分析本试验选取南宁市某奶牛场48头泌乳早期健康奶牛,连续采样7周,于每周末清晨空腹采集血样和奶样,并及时制备血浆和乳清,分别获得336份样品。测定TAC、GPX、H2O2、KET水平。结果显示:乳清和血浆的TAC 含量分别为 6.89±1.96U/mL 和 4.97±1.99U/mL,GPX 分别为38.96±18.23U/mL 和 122.17±64.43U/mL,H2O2 分别为 7.78±2.97mmol/L 和16.80±5.31mmol/L,KET 分别为 8.54±2.56mg/dL 和 3.25±1.48mg/dL,其差异均达极显著水平(P0.01)。乳清与血浆GPX呈极显著正相关(r=0.552,P0.01)、TAC呈显著正相关(r=0.113,P0.05)、H2O2呈显著正相关(r=0.124,P0.05)。健康奶牛乳清与血浆KET无显著相关性(r=0.058,P0.05),但乳清 KET 与血浆 TAC 显著负相关(r=-0.122,P0.05),与血浆GPX极显著负相关(r=-0.326,P0.01)。结果表明,乳清TAC、H2O2、KET可作为评估奶牛机体健康状况的备选指标;乳清GPX可作为奶牛GPX普检中的评价指标。综上所述:日粮中添加GSPE,对酮体水平没有显著影响,可以提高泌乳早期奶牛机体的血浆葡萄糖水平,改善乳汁GPX活力,其中以40mg/k BW/day的GSPE添加效果较好。检测乳清GPX活力,可作为普查与监控泌乳早期奶牛健康与GPX水平的参考方法。
[Abstract]:The antioxidant capacity of dairy cows is closely related to the health level of the body. High yield cows in early lactation are prone to oxidative stress and cause diseases related to oxidative stress. It is of great value to improve the nutrition level and monitor the health status of the body, and to reduce the occurrence of disease and disease monitoring. GSPE, which belongs to polyphenols, has strong antioxidant properties and is rarely reported as an additive for dairy cattle feed. Three experiments were conducted in this study to explore the effects of GSPE on plasma antioxidant capacity and ketosis in early lactating cows. Test two to understand the effect of GSPE on the antioxidant capacity of milk, and to evaluate its effect on dairy cows. Effect of the body; test three screening and evaluation of milk samples for the antioxidant status of dairy cows. Experiment 1: Experiment 1: Test on the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins on the antioxidant capacity and ketosis of dairy cows, select 16 early lactating cows with no clinical diseases, lactation days, milk production, body weight, birth weight, and body condition. Complete random design was divided into 4 groups (G0, G20, G40, G80). Each group was randomized to receive 1 experimental treatments, namely, GSPE. in Oh (before feeding) and Oh (before feeding), 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, etc., to determine the following oxidation / antioxygenation indexes: Total antioxidant capacity (plasma iron reduction force), glutathione peroxide Enzyme GPX (DTNB), superoxide dismutase SOD (hydroxylamine method), malondialdehyde MDA (thiobarbituric acid method), hydrogen peroxide H2O2 (molybdate chromogenic method). Detection of ketosis, such as glucose GLU (GOP-PAP method - double dosage form), free fatty acid NEFA (visible light colorimetric method) and ketone body KET (modified salicylaldehyde colorimetric method). The results show that G20, G40, and G40 are compared with GO group. TAC, GPX, SOD, MDA and H2O2 were not significantly affected in plasma oxidation resistance (P0.05). In the metabolic changes, the mean value of GLU content in G20, G40 and G80 groups was higher than that in the GO group. The amount of GSPE was significantly increased in the physiological concentration range (P0.05) in the "test time x group" effect (P0.05). The results showed that feeding GSPE could improve the plasma glucose level of the early milk cow body, and had a positive effect on reducing the energy negative balance of milk cows in early lactation, and 40mg/kg B The effect of GSPE in W/day was better. Experiment two: the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins on the antioxidant capacity and the content of ketone body in dairy milk selected 48 early lactating cows and divided into 4 groups according to the complete random design: G0, G20, G40, G80. control group (GO) fed the basic diet of raw milk cattle; G20, G40 and G80 groups were added to basal diet to add 20,40 and 80mg/kg The GSPE. test period of /day was 42 d, and each dose group of GSPE was fed a GSPE solution every morning. The GO group was fed with the same dose of drinking water at the same time, and Od (before feeding), 7d, 14d, 21d, 28d, and 35d. In group G40, the GPX activity of dairy cow's whey was significantly higher than that of G0 group (P0.01), and the GPX activity of whey in each dose group of GSPE was higher than that of the G0 group during the experiment, and the difference between the whey TAC and H2O2 was not significant (P0.05) between the GSPE dosage groups and the G0 group (P0.05). The effect of 40mgGSPE/kgBW/day was better in improving the antioxidant activity of dairy milk. There was no significant difference in the level of ketone body between the GSPE dose group and the G0 group (P0.05) in the metabolic change (P0.05). The study showed that the addition of GSPE to the milk of early lactating dairy cows had no negative effect on the antioxidant activity of milk. Effect, and the GSPE of 40mg/kg BW/day can improve the activity of milk GPX. Test three: the content and correlation analysis of antioxidant and ketone body in dairy cow plasma and whey. The experiment selected 48 early lactating healthy cows in a dairy farm of Nanning city for 7 weeks, collecting blood samples and milk samples on the empty abdomen on the morning of every morning, and preparing plasma and milk in time. The levels of TAC, GPX, H2O2, and KET were measured in 336 samples respectively. The results showed that the TAC content in whey and plasma were 6.89 + 1.96U/mL and 4.97 + 1.99U/mL respectively, GPX was 38.96 + 18.23U/mL and 122.17 + 64.43U/mL respectively, and H2O2 was 7.78 + 2.97mmol/L and 16.80 + respectively, respectively, 8.54 and 3.25 + respectively, respectively. The difference was very significant (P0.01). There was a very significant positive correlation between whey and plasma GPX (r=0.552, P0.01), TAC showed significant positive correlation (r=0.113, P0.05), H2O2 showed significant positive correlation (r=0.124, P0.05). The plasma GPX was significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.326, P0.01). The results showed that whey TAC, H2O2, KET could be used as an alternative index for evaluating the health of dairy cows; whey GPX could be used as an evaluation index in dairy cow GPX examination. Sugar level can improve the activity of milk GPX, and the effect of 40mg/k BW/day GSPE is better. The detection of GPX activity in whey can be used as a reference method for screening and monitoring the health and GPX level of dairy cows in early lactation.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S858.23

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