性别对关中黑猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响

发布时间：2018-08-07 18:42

【摘要】：关中黑猪是陕西省的优良培育猪品种,具有耐粗饲、抗逆性强、肉质细嫩、风味佳等优点,但由于其生长速度较慢且瘦肉率低,制约着关中黑猪的产肉量。本试验以关中黑猪为对象,主要研究性别对生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质影响,旨在为关中黑猪的饲养管理及推广提供理论依据。本试验选取体重相近的关中黑猪公、母各5头,公猪在7日龄去势,公、母猪在相同营养和环境条件下进行饲养管理,体重达101±4.89kg时屠宰。检测其生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质,并对肌肉和脂肪组织形态学进行分析,同时通过real-time qPCR检测肉质相关基因的表达。获得以下主要结果:1.关中黑猪去势公猪体重自5月龄起显著高于母猪(P0.05);体长在2月龄和8月龄显著高于母猪(P0.05);体高和腿臀围于2月龄和6月龄显著高于母猪(P0.05);胸围自6月龄起显著高于母猪(P0.05)。因此,去势公猪的生长性能显著优于母猪。2.关中黑猪去势公猪背膘厚为34.91±5.03mm和脂肪率为44.07±2.19%,均极显著高于母猪(P0.05);瘦肉率为41.04±1.53%、皮率为7.47±0.44%和骨率为7.06±1.02%,均显著低于母猪(P0.05)。3.去势公猪的背最长肌中ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于母猪(P0.05),必需脂肪酸亚麻酸含量显著高于母猪(P0.05);去势公猪必需氨基酸占总量比例显著高于母猪(P0.05),而鲜味氨基酸占总量比例显著低于母猪(P0.05)。4.去势公猪和母猪组织形态学差异显著。母猪的背最长肌、半膜肌及内收肌的肌纤维面积极显著大于去势公猪(P0.01),去势公猪皮下脂肪细胞的直径及面积极显著大于母猪(P0.01)。关中黑猪去势公猪背最长肌中与成脂相关基因PPARγ、aP2和SCD的相对表达量均显著或者极显著高于母猪(P0.05),半膜肌的PPARγ的相对表达量显著高于母猪(P0.05);去势公猪背最长肌脂解相关基因ATGL相对表达量显著低于母猪(P0.05);皮下脂肪的HSL相对表达量显著低于母猪(P0.05)。综上所述,关中黑猪的生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质、肌肉和脂肪组织形态学及肉质相关基因表达在不同性别间存在显著差异,去势公猪生长速度快、成脂能力强、肉品质优于母猪,但瘦肉率低于母猪。因此,建议对关中黑猪进行公母分群饲养,并对去势公猪进行适量限饲。
[Abstract]:Guanzhong Black Pig is an excellent breeding pig breed in Shaanxi Province, which has the advantages of high tolerance to coarse feeding, strong resistance to stress, delicate meat quality and good flavor. However, its slow growth rate and low lean meat rate restrict the meat production of Guanzhong Black Pig. In this experiment, Guanzhong Black Pig was used as an object to study the effects of main traits on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality. The aim of this experiment was to provide theoretical basis for raising, managing and popularizing Guanzhong Black Pig. In this experiment, five male and five female black pigs of similar body weight were selected. The male and the sows were castrated at the age of 7 days. The male and the sows were raised and managed under the same nutrition and environment conditions, and slaughtered when the weight was up to 101 卤4.89kg. Growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, muscle and adipose tissue morphology were analyzed, and the expression of fleshy related genes was detected by real-time qPCR. Get the following main result: 1. The body weight of ovariectomized boars in Guanzhong black pigs was significantly higher than that of sows from the age of 5 months (P0.05); the body length of the ovariectomized boars was significantly higher than that of the sows at the age of 2 months and 8 months (P0.05); the body height and hip circumference of the legs were significantly higher than that of the sows at the age of 2 months and 6 months (P0.05); the body circumference of the castrated boars was significantly higher than that of the sows from the age of 6 months (P0.05). Therefore, the growth performance of ovariectomized boars was significantly better than that of sows. The backfat thickness and fat rate of ovariectomized boars were 34.91 卤5.03mm and 44.07 卤2.19, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of sows (P0.05), the lean meat rate was 41.04 卤1.53, the skin rate was 7.47 卤0.44% and the bone rate was 7.06 卤1.020.This was significantly lower than that of sows (P0.05). The content of 蠅 -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle of ovariectomized boars was significantly higher than that in sows (P0.05), the content of essential fatty acid linolenic acid in ovariectomized boars was significantly higher than that in sows (P0.05), and the proportion of essential amino acids in ovariectomized boars was significantly higher than that in sows (P0.05). The proportion of acid in total was significantly lower than that in sows (P0.05). 4. There were significant differences in histomorphology between ovariectomized boars and sows. The muscle fiber area of longissimus dorsi, semimembranous muscle and adductor muscle in sows was significantly larger than that in ovariectomized boars (P0.01), and the diameter and area of subcutaneous adipocytes in ovariectomized boars were significantly larger than that in sows (P0.01). The relative expression of fat-forming genes PPAR 纬 AP2 and SCD in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Guanzhong black pig was significantly or extremely higher than that in sows (P0.05), the relative expression of PPAR 纬 in hemimembrane muscle was significantly higher than that in sows (P0.05), and the lipolysis of longissimus dorsi muscle in ovariectomized boar was significantly higher than that in sows (P0.05). The relative expression of ATGL in related gene was significantly lower than that in sows (P0.05), and the relative expression of HSL in subcutaneous fat was significantly lower than that in sows (P0.05). In conclusion, there were significant differences in growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, muscle and fat histomorphology and flesh-related gene expression among different genders in Guanzhong Black Pig. The ovariectomized boars had fast growth rate and strong fat-forming ability. Meat quality was superior to sows, but lean meat percentage was lower than sows. Therefore, it was suggested that the black pigs in Guanzhong should be kept in groups of males and females, and the ovariectomized boars should be kept in appropriate amounts.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S828

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