短期放牧下典型草原草畜生产和转化效率研究

发布时间：2018-08-10 07:43

【摘要】：以内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原为对象,研究不同放牧梯度下(0、170SU·d/y·hm~2、340SU·d/y·hm~2、510SU·d/y·hm~2、680SU·d/y·hm~2)草原植被和家畜生产力及其互作转化效率,以期为研判草地适度放牧阈值提供证据。结果表明:放牧利用有利于植被干物质的有效积累与转化,表现出超补偿生长;随着放牧强度增加,单位草原面积的家畜生产力呈增加趋势,当接近或超过510SU·d/y·hm~2放牧压时,单位面积草地家畜体重的增长将受到限制;随着放牧强度增加,单位家畜生产性能呈下降趋势,当接近或超过510SU·d/y·hm~2放牧压时,单位家畜体重将显著降低;放牧压为340SU·d/y·hm~2时,草畜转化效率达到最高值11.32%,草地利用率60%左右,可看作是当年气候环境背景下的适度放牧强度。
[Abstract]:Taking the typical steppe of Xilinguole, Inner Mongolia as an example, the productivity of vegetation and livestock and the conversion efficiency of interaction between vegetation and livestock under different gradients (0170SU d / y hm~2340SU d / y hm~2510SU d / y hm~2) were studied in order to provide evidence for the study of appropriate grazing threshold of grassland. The results showed that grazing utilization was beneficial to the effective accumulation and transformation of dry matter of vegetation, and showed overcompensation growth, and with the increase of grazing intensity, the productivity of livestock per unit grassland area showed an increasing trend, when the grazing pressure was close to or over 510SU d / y hm~2. The increase of animal weight per unit area of grassland will be restricted, and with the increase of grazing intensity, the production performance of unit livestock will decrease. When the grazing pressure is close to or over 510SU d / y hm~2, the weight per unit livestock will be significantly reduced, and the grazing pressure is 340SU d / y hm ~ 2. The conversion efficiency of grass and livestock reached the highest value of 11.32 and the utilization rate of grassland was about 60% which could be regarded as the moderate grazing intensity under the background of climate and environment in that year.
【作者单位】：内蒙古大学生态与环境学院;内蒙古大学生命科学学院;中国农业科学院草原研究所/农业部草地生态与修复治理重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(“973”计划)项目(2014CB138805) 内蒙古自然科学基金重大项目(2015ZD02) 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(1610332015001)
【分类号】：S812.8

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