米曲霉培养物对绵羊瘤胃发酵和菌群多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-08-11 18:47

【摘要】：本文采用采用了“尼龙袋法”和“营养灌注技术”等方法,从体内(in vivo)和原位(in situ)两个主要方向切入主题—米曲霉培养物对绵羊瘤胃降解羊草的影响,与此同时测定了在添加米曲霉培养物后,瘤胃的pH值、NH3-N、VFA以及瘤胃微生物多样性的变化进行了系统的研究。首先,设立了0%DM、0.2%DM、0.4%DM、0.6%DM四种不同米曲霉培养物添加剂量,并根据瘤胃内环境和纤维物质降解率筛选出米曲霉培养物在绵羊瘤胃中的最适添加剂量。其中0.4%DM组显著提高了乙酸含量和TVFA的含量(P0.05)。添加米曲霉培养物经瘤胃培养12h后对纤维物质的降解率有显著的提高,其中0.4%DM组的瘤胃纤维物质降解率效果优于0.2%DM、0.6%DM组。其次,利用前期筛选出来的米曲霉培养物最适添加量,通过测定瘤胃发酵动力学参数、纤维物质及营养物质在绵羊消化道的流通规律来评价米曲霉培养物与艾美福的差别。(1)瘤胃液相体积和滞留时间为艾美福组最大,固相体积和滞留时间为米曲霉组最大。(2)相同消化部位不同处理间营养物质流通量差异不显著(P0.05),但添加米曲霉培养物降低了营养物质流通量。(3)添加米曲霉培养物对绵羊消化道相同部位营养物质的消化率影响不显著(P0.05),但增大了营养物质消化率,ADF的消化率米曲霉培养物组最高。最后,由于许多文献都指出,米曲霉培养物对瘤胃发酵和反刍动物生产力都有促进作用。但其作用原理,和对瘤胃菌群的影响等根本性问题上却鲜有研究,这就使得米曲霉培养物的应用成为一个黑箱。而本文最后一部分对添加米曲霉培养物后,瘤胃菌群多样性的影响进行了初步研究,同时秉着谨慎的态度,通过切胶回收鉴定了特殊条带的菌种。其中添加添加米曲霉培养物和艾美福后对绵羊瘤菌群产生一定影响,并且米曲霉培养物组与艾美福组相比细菌丰富度高,且优势条带明显,其优势细菌为解糖梭菌、普雷沃菌和螺旋体。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effects of Aspergillus oryzae culture on rumen degradation of Leymus chinensis were cut into two main directions of (in vivo) and in situ (in situ) by means of "nylon bag method" and "nutrition perfusion technique". At the same time, the pH value of rumen and the variation of rumen microbial diversity were determined after the addition of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae). Firstly, four different kinds of Aspergillus oryzae culture additives were set up. The optimum amount of aspergillus oryzae culture in sheep rumen was selected according to the rumen environment and fiber degradation rate. 0.4%DM group significantly increased the content of acetic acid and TVFA (P0.05). Addition of Aspergillus oryzae to rumen culture for 12 hours significantly increased the degradation rate of fiber, and the degradation rate of rumen fiber in 0.4%DM group was better than that in 0.2 DM0 0.6 DM group. Secondly, by using the optimum addition amount of Aspergillus oryzae culture selected in the early stage, the kinetic parameters of rumen fermentation were determined. In order to evaluate the difference between Aspergillus oryzae culture and Emefon, the circulation of fiber and nutrients in the digestive tract of sheep was evaluated. (1) the rumen liquid volume and retention time were the largest in the Emefol group. The solid volume and retention time were the largest in Aspergillus oryzae group. (2) there was no significant difference in nutrient flux among different treatments at the same digestion site (P0.05), but adding Aspergillus oryzae culture decreased the nutrient flux. (3) the effect of Aspergillus oryzae culture on nutrient flux was significant. The digestibility of nutrients in the same part of digestive tract of sheep was not significant (P0.05), but the digestibility of ADF was the highest in Aspergillus oryzae culture group. Finally, many literatures indicate that Aspergillus oryzae culture can promote rumen fermentation and ruminant productivity. However, little research has been done on the fundamental issues, such as the mechanism of action and the effect on rumen flora, which makes the application of Aspergillus oryzae culture a black box. In the last part of this paper, the effects of Aspergillus oryzae culture on the diversity of rumen flora were studied. The addition of Aspergillus oryzae and Emmefon had a certain effect on the sheep tumour flora, and the bacterial richness and dominant bands of the culture group were higher than that of the Emmefon group, and the dominant bacteria were Clostridium glycolystis. Prevos and spirochetes.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S826.5

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