牦牛扁桃体组织形态学及免疫相关细胞分布的研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 13:51

【摘要】：牦牛是我国高原重要的畜种,对高寒低氧的高原草地生态环境具有较好的适应性。牦牛作为高原重要的生活资料,为牧民提供了食物、役力、皮毛和燃料等生产资料,是高原藏区的重要经济支柱。为了揭示成年牦牛扁桃体的免疫结构组成和黏膜免疫相关细胞的分布特点,本研究采用组织化学技术、图像分析技术和透射电镜技术,对成年牦牛扁桃体的分布特征、组织结构、免疫相关组织的组成与免疫细胞的分布进行了详细的研究。结果表明:1牦牛扁桃体的解剖学与组织学特点牦牛头部共分布有6个扁桃体,分别是腭扁桃体、软腭扁桃体、舌扁桃体、会厌两侧扁桃体、咽扁桃体与咽鼓管扁桃体。扁桃体的基本结构分为上皮层和固有层。在上皮层中,口咽部腭扁桃体、软腭扁桃体、舌扁桃体与会厌两侧扁桃体的上皮层主要由复层扁平上皮细胞组成,其向内凹陷形成许多分支隐窝,随着隐窝的加深上皮层逐渐变薄。鼻咽部咽扁桃体与咽鼓管扁桃体上皮层主要由假复层纤毛柱状上皮细胞组成,上皮层较薄。在结构方面,口咽部与鼻咽部上皮层的细胞组成差异较大,上皮的厚度差异极显著(P0.01)。口咽部软腭扁桃体的单侧面积为26.09±3.9455cm2,鼻咽部咽扁桃体的面积为25.17±3.1212cm2,它们之间差异不显著(P0.05);咽鼓管扁桃体、会厌两侧扁桃体面积较小,与咽扁桃体、软腭扁桃体的分布面积差异极显著(P0.01)。在固有层中,口咽部腭扁桃体、会厌两侧扁桃体上皮下固有层中分布有大量的淋巴组织,组织内淋巴小结生发中心明显,小结数量差异不显著(P0.05);鼻咽部咽扁桃体与咽鼓管扁桃体中淋巴组织分布丰富,数量差异极显著(P0.01)。另外,在固有层中分布有丰富的血管、淋巴管与胶原纤维。2牦牛扁桃体免疫相关细胞分布特点上皮内淋巴细胞主要分布在扁桃体的黏膜上皮层中。口咽部扁桃体的上皮层主要由复层扁平上皮组成,上皮组织结构紧密,上皮内淋巴细胞较少。鼻咽部扁桃体的上皮层主要由假复层纤毛柱状上皮组成,上皮组织疏松,上皮内淋巴细胞较多。在单位视野内,口咽部腭扁桃体、软腭扁桃体与舌扁桃体上皮内淋巴细胞的数量平均分别为10.16±3.2385Bb、4.48±0.7294Cc与6.96±1.4029Cc,鼻咽部咽扁桃体与咽鼓管扁桃体上皮内淋巴细胞的数量平均分别为20.84±1.9047Aa与20.32±1.0640Aa,鼻咽部与口咽部扁桃体上皮内淋巴细胞的数量差异极显著(P0.01)。肥大细胞主要分布在上皮下结缔组织与实质部结缔组织中的小血管和小淋巴管周围。口咽部腭扁桃体与会厌两侧扁桃体上皮下肥大细胞的数量平均分别为8.04±0.8414Bb与6.96±0.8173Bb,鼻咽部咽鼓管扁桃体与咽扁桃体上皮下肥大细胞的数量平均分别为10.36±0.9317Aa与10.96±0.5177Aa,口咽部与鼻咽部扁桃体肥大细胞的数量差异极显著(P0.01)。杯状细胞主要分布在腭扁桃体、咽扁桃体与咽鼓管扁桃体的黏膜上皮细胞之间,数量平均分别为6.64±1.8515、33.92±7.7982与9.28±4.2863。3牦牛扁桃体超微结构特点牦牛腭扁桃体复层扁平上皮细胞与咽鼓管扁桃体纤毛柱状上皮之间存在有连接复合体结构(紧密连接、中间连接与桥粒连接)。在咽鼓管扁桃体上皮细胞游离面有大量排列整齐的微绒毛。上皮内淋巴细胞的细胞胞质较少,胞核较大,染色质深染,沿核膜分布。肥大细胞的胞质内聚集有许多高电子密度的颗粒。浆细胞胞质中有大量粗内质网。杯状细胞核的周围有丰富的粗面内质网和核糖体,胞质中充满大量黏液颗粒。
[Abstract]:Yak is an important animal breed in the plateau of China, and has good adaptability to the ecological environment of the plateau grassland with cold and hypoxia. As an important means of living on the plateau, yak provides herdsmen with means of production such as food, servitude, fur and fuel. It is an important economic pillar in the plateau Tibetan area. In this study, histochemistry, image analysis and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the distribution characteristics, histological structure, composition of immune related tissues and distribution of immune cells in adult yak tonsils. There are six tonsils in the head of yak, which are palatal tonsil, soft palatal tonsil, tonsil, epiglottis tonsil, pharyngeal tonsil and eustachian tube tonsil. The nasopharyngeal tonsil and eustachian tube tonsil epithelium are mainly composed of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells, and the epithelial layer is thin. Structurally, the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal epithelium is thin. There were significant differences in cell composition and epithelial thickness (P 0.01). The unilateral area of the oropharyngeal soft palate tonsil was 26.09 (+ 3.9455 cm 2) and the nasopharyngeal pharyngeal tonsil was 25.17 (+ 3.1212 cm 2), but there was no significant difference between them (P 0.05). In the lamina propria, a large number of lymphoid tissues were distributed in the palatine tonsils of oropharynx and the subepithelial lamina propria of epiglottis, and the germinal center of endolymphatic nodules was obvious, but the number of nodules was not significantly different (P 0.05). In addition, there were abundant blood vessels in the lamina propria, lymphatic vessels and collagen fibers. 2. Immune-related cells in Yak tonsils. Intraepithelial lymphocytes were mainly distributed in the mucosal epithelium of tonsils. The epithelium of oropharyngeal tonsils was mainly composed of stratified flat epithelium with tight epithelial structure and epithelium. The epithelial layer of nasopharyngeal tonsil was mainly composed of pseudostratified ciliary columnar epithelium with loose epithelial tissue and more intraepithelial lymphocytes. The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the oropharyngeal tonsil, soft palatal tonsil and tongue tonsil was 10.16 (+3.2385Bb), 4.48 (+0.7294Cc) and 6.96 (+1). The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in nasopharyngeal tonsils and eustachian tube tonsils was 20.84 (+1.9047Aa) and 20.32 (+1.0640Aa), respectively. The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal tonsils was significantly different (P 0.01). The number of subepithelial mast cells in the oropharyngeal palatine tonsil and epiglottis was 8.04 (+0.8414) Bb and 6.96 (+0.8173) Bb, respectively. The number of subepithelial mast cells in the nasopharyngeal eustachian tube tonsil and the pharyngeal tonsil was 10.36 (+0.9317) Aa and 10.96 (+0.5177) Aa, respectively. The number of goblet cells was mainly distributed between palatine tonsil, pharyngeal tonsil and eustachian tube tonsil. The average number of goblet cells was 6.64 (+ 1.8515), 33.92 (+ 7.7982) and 9.28 (+ 4.2863.3) respectively. There are many well-arranged microvilli on the free surface of the eustachian tube tonsil epithelial cells. The cytoplasm of the lymphocytes in the epithelium is less, the nucleus is larger, the chromatin is deep-stained, and distributes along the nuclear membrane. Many particles with high electron density. The plasma cytoplasm contains a large number of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The goblet nucleus is surrounded by abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. The cytoplasm is filled with a large number of mucus particles.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823.85

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