日粮NDF水平对泌乳高峰期奶牛瘤胃发酵和生产性能的影响
发布时间：2018-08-16 12:36
【摘要】：本文采用体外产气法和饲养试验相结合的方法,分别研究了不同NDF水平日粮的体外发酵特性以及对泌乳高峰期奶牛采食行为、瘤胃发酵和生产性能影响。本研究包括两个试验,具体试验方法和结果如下所示：试验一通过在短期人工模拟瘤胃体外培养技术与动态产气实时记录技术相结合的条件下,研究NDF含量分别为25.05%、28.05%、31.22%、34.19%的4种日粮对泌乳高峰期奶牛瘤胃发酵参数及产气量的影响。结果表明：随着日粮NDF水平的提高,1)体外培养的IVDMD和GP48线性降低(P0.05)；2)体外发酵培养液丙酸浓度和丁酸浓度线性降低(P0.05),pH值和乙酸与丙酸的比值线性增加(P0.05),NH3-N浓度有降低的趋势(P=0.05),而TVFA和MCP浓度逐渐降低,但差异不显著(P0.05)。试验二选用8头泌乳天数为50±15天的泌乳高峰期荷斯坦奶牛,其中4头奶牛安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管,按照重复4×4拉丁方设计,研究NDF含量分别为25.05%、28.05%、31.22%和34.19%的4种日粮对泌乳高峰期奶牛采食行为、瘤胃发酵、血液代谢、营养消化和生产性能的影响。结果表明：随着日粮NDF水平的提高,1)DMI线性降低(P0.05),NDF、peNDF8.0、peNDF1.18进食量和日采食、反刍、咀嚼时间线性增加(P0.05),DM、NDF、peNDF8.0、peNDF1.18进食量的采食时间、反刍时间以及咀嚼时间都有线性增加或先降低后上升的变化(P0.05)；2)瘤胃液pH值、乙酸浓度和乙酸与丙酸的比值线性增加(P0.05),瘤胃液NH3-N、MCP、TVFA、丙酸、丁酸以及乳酸浓度线性降低(P0.05)；3)瘤胃液4种纤维降解酶活性均表现为先升高后降低,其中以28%NDF组活性最高,微晶纤维素酶、羧甲基纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活性无显著影响(P0.05),而纤维二糖酶呈二次曲线变化(P0.05)；4)瘤胃液产琥珀酸丝状杆菌、黄色瘤胃球菌和牛粪链球菌占总菌的含量线性增加(P0.05)；5)血清GLU、INS浓度线性降低(P0.05),NEFA、BHBA和BUN浓度线性增加(P0.05),TG(P=0.06)和COR(P=0.07)浓度呈线性增加的趋势,但TC浓度无显著影响(P0.05)；6)NDF和ADF的表观消化率线性增加(P0.05)；7)产奶量、乳糖产量、乳蛋白产量和氮利用效率线性降低(P0.05),乳脂率和乳尿素氮浓度线性增加(P0.05),饲料转化效率和乳脂产量呈线性增加的趋势(P=0.05),乳蛋白率呈线性降低的趋势(P=0.08),但4%标准乳产量、乳糖率差异不显著(P0.05)；8)乳中C6：0、C8：0、C10：0、C12：0、C14：0、C14：1和C15：0脂肪酸含量线性降低(P0.05),而C18：0和C18：1n9c脂肪酸含量线性增加(P0.05)。结论：结合体外产气试验和饲养试验研究结果,建议产奶量在40 Kg左右的泌乳高峰期奶牛日粮中NDF需要量为28%。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the in vitro fermentation characteristics of diets with different NDF levels and their effects on feeding behavior, rumen fermentation and production performance of dairy cows during peak lactating period were studied by means of in vitro gas production and feeding experiments. This study includes two experiments. The specific test methods and results are as follows: in experiment one, we combine the technology of in vitro culture of short-term simulated rumen with the real-time recording technology of dynamic gas production. The effects of four diets with NDF content of 25.0528.05 and 31.222.19% on rumen fermentation parameters and gas production of lactating peak cows were studied. The results showed that with the increase of dietary NDF level, IVDMD and GP48 in vitro decreased linearly (P0.05). 2) the concentration of propionic acid and butyric acid decreased linearly (P0.05) and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid increased linearly (P0.05), while the concentration of TVFA and MCP decreased gradually, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). In experiment 2, 8 Holstein cows with lactation days of 50 卤15 days were selected, 4 of them were fitted with permanent rumen fistula, and 4 脳 4 Latin square design was used. The effects of four diets with NDF content of 25.0528.05% and 34.19% on feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, blood metabolism, nutrient digestion and production performance of dairy cows were studied. The results showed that: with the increase of dietary NDF level, DMI linearly decreased (P0.05) the intake amount and daily intake of NDF8.0peNDF1.18, ruminant, chewing time increased linearly (P0.05) the intake time of NDF8.0 peNDF8.0peNDF1.18 increased linearly. The rumination time and mastication time increased linearly or decreased first (P0.05), the pH value of rumen fluid, the concentration of acetic acid and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid increased linearly (P0.05), and the concentration of NH _ 3-NNMCPMCPTVFAA, propionic acid, butyric acid and lactic acid in rumen fluid decreased linearly (P0.05). 3) the four cellulase activities in rumen fluid increased first and then decreased, among which the activity of 28%NDF group was the highest. The activities of microcrystalline cellulase, carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase were not significantly affected (P0.05), but the cellulase showed a quadratic curve change (P0.05). 4) the contents of filamentous succinate, xanthobacterium and streptococcus faecalis in rumen fluid increased linearly (P0.05). The concentration of GLUINS in serum decreased linearly (P0.05) the concentrations of BUN and BHBA increased linearly (P0.05) TG (P0.06) and COR (P0.07) increased linearly. TC concentration had no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF (P0.05) and the apparent digestibility of ADF (P0.05) increased linearly (P05) 7) milk yield and lactose yield. Milk protein yield and nitrogen use efficiency decreased linearly (P0.05), milk fat rate and milk urea nitrogen concentration increased linearly (P0.05), feed conversion efficiency and milk fat yield increased linearly (P0. 05), milk protein rate decreased linearly (P0. 08), but 4% standard milk yield. There was no significant difference in lactose rate (P0.05). The content of fatty acids in milk C6: 0, C8: 0, C10: 0, C12: 0, C14: 0, C14: 0, C15: 0 decreased linearly (P0.05), while the contents of C18: 0 and C18:1n9c increased linearly (P0.05). Conclusion: according to the results of in vitro gas production test and feeding experiment, it is suggested that the NDF requirement of dairy cows with milk yield of 40 kg or so should be 28%.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823.5
本文编号：2186002
[Abstract]:In this paper, the in vitro fermentation characteristics of diets with different NDF levels and their effects on feeding behavior, rumen fermentation and production performance of dairy cows during peak lactating period were studied by means of in vitro gas production and feeding experiments. This study includes two experiments. The specific test methods and results are as follows: in experiment one, we combine the technology of in vitro culture of short-term simulated rumen with the real-time recording technology of dynamic gas production. The effects of four diets with NDF content of 25.0528.05 and 31.222.19% on rumen fermentation parameters and gas production of lactating peak cows were studied. The results showed that with the increase of dietary NDF level, IVDMD and GP48 in vitro decreased linearly (P0.05). 2) the concentration of propionic acid and butyric acid decreased linearly (P0.05) and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid increased linearly (P0.05), while the concentration of TVFA and MCP decreased gradually, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). In experiment 2, 8 Holstein cows with lactation days of 50 卤15 days were selected, 4 of them were fitted with permanent rumen fistula, and 4 脳 4 Latin square design was used. The effects of four diets with NDF content of 25.0528.05% and 34.19% on feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, blood metabolism, nutrient digestion and production performance of dairy cows were studied. The results showed that: with the increase of dietary NDF level, DMI linearly decreased (P0.05) the intake amount and daily intake of NDF8.0peNDF1.18, ruminant, chewing time increased linearly (P0.05) the intake time of NDF8.0 peNDF8.0peNDF1.18 increased linearly. The rumination time and mastication time increased linearly or decreased first (P0.05), the pH value of rumen fluid, the concentration of acetic acid and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid increased linearly (P0.05), and the concentration of NH _ 3-NNMCPMCPTVFAA, propionic acid, butyric acid and lactic acid in rumen fluid decreased linearly (P0.05). 3) the four cellulase activities in rumen fluid increased first and then decreased, among which the activity of 28%NDF group was the highest. The activities of microcrystalline cellulase, carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase were not significantly affected (P0.05), but the cellulase showed a quadratic curve change (P0.05). 4) the contents of filamentous succinate, xanthobacterium and streptococcus faecalis in rumen fluid increased linearly (P0.05). The concentration of GLUINS in serum decreased linearly (P0.05) the concentrations of BUN and BHBA increased linearly (P0.05) TG (P0.06) and COR (P0.07) increased linearly. TC concentration had no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF (P0.05) and the apparent digestibility of ADF (P0.05) increased linearly (P05) 7) milk yield and lactose yield. Milk protein yield and nitrogen use efficiency decreased linearly (P0.05), milk fat rate and milk urea nitrogen concentration increased linearly (P0.05), feed conversion efficiency and milk fat yield increased linearly (P0. 05), milk protein rate decreased linearly (P0. 08), but 4% standard milk yield. There was no significant difference in lactose rate (P0.05). The content of fatty acids in milk C6: 0, C8: 0, C10: 0, C12: 0, C14: 0, C14: 0, C15: 0 decreased linearly (P0.05), while the contents of C18: 0 and C18:1n9c increased linearly (P0.05). Conclusion: according to the results of in vitro gas production test and feeding experiment, it is suggested that the NDF requirement of dairy cows with milk yield of 40 kg or so should be 28%.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823.5
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