绿茶粉对白羽肉鸡血清生化指标及其肉品质的影响

发布时间：2018-08-18 09:15

【摘要】：本试验探究了不同添加比例的绿茶粉对白羽肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标及部分肉品质指标的影响。选取450只1日龄健康艾拔益加肉鸡为研究对象(初始体重差异不明显),公母各半,随机分成5组,每组90只,试验周期为42天。在肉鸡基础日粮中分别添加0%、1%、2%、4%、6%(w/w)绿茶粉。按常规肉仔鸡饲养管理方法进行饲喂。试验动物生长期间自由采食、饮水。试验预试期设为3天,从预试期开始试验组即饲喂添加适量绿茶粉的饲料。在第7d、14d、21d、28d、35d、42d时每组逐只称重,并以组为单位统计饲料消耗量。在出栏时每组随机选取10只肉鸡,公母各5只,翅静脉采血后进行屠宰试验。试验结果如下:1.绿茶粉在一定程度上有助于提高试验动物的生长性能和屠宰性能。1%、2%绿茶粉对肉鸡生长性能影响较小,但4%、6%绿茶组肉鸡生长性能均比对照组差。各组平均日增重(ADG)差异不明显,但1%、2%组料重比(F/G)呈现下降的趋势。屠宰试验结果显示:公鸡屠宰率显著性提高,半净膛率、全净膛率均表现出升高的趋势;母鸡全净膛率有提高的趋势,肝脏指数提高幅度较大,1%、4%组均出现显著性差异,分别比对照组提高32.53%、36.14%。公鸡、母鸡的胸肌率和腿肌率均有不同程度提高。1%添加组升高趋势最明显,与对照组相比,该组公鸡和母鸡的胸肌率分别提高10.88%(p0.05)和6.10%,腿肌率分别提高13.34%(p0.05)和6.86%。2.血清生化指标测定试验显示:肉鸡机体免疫性能得到改善,肉鸡血清中免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、球蛋白(GLB)、血清总蛋白(STP)、白蛋白(ALB)含量均显著升高。血脂含量降低。各添加组血清甘油三酯含量分别下降12.26%、9.91%、13.62%、22.57%;总胆固醇含量分别下降10.22%、5.02%、5.28%、4.47%;低密度脂蛋白分别降低10.40%、23.59%、9.03%、1.46%;而高密度脂蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白、游离脂肪酸、瘦素含量分别出现不同程度的升高。各添加组肉鸡机体抗氧化水平也得到改善:血清超氧化物歧化酶含量比对照组分别提高5.65%、12.67%、11.16%、18.25%;丙二醛分别降低22.31%、18.97%、12.95%、3.59%。血糖含量变化不大,血糖、胰高血糖素含量有下降的趋势,胰岛素含量与对照组差异不显著。3.绿茶粉对白羽肉鸡肉品质改良有一定的积极影响:肉样胆固醇含量出现不同程度的降低,各添加组公鸡胸肌胆固醇含量相比对照组分别降低28.22%(p0.05)、14.39%(p0.05)、11.19%、7.43%,腿肌胆固醇含量分别降低9.05%、4.57%、15.08%(p0.05)、3.62%;母鸡胸肌胆固醇含量分别降低20.00%(p0.05)、26.09%(p0.05)、18.37%(p0.05)、14.47%(p0.05),腿肌胆固醇含量分别降低18.97%(p0.05)、11.89%(p0.05)、14.36%(p0.05)、5.61%;肌苷酸含量显著提高,2%、4%、6%绿茶粉添加组公鸡和母鸡的胸肌肌苷酸含量分别增加36.99%(p0.01)、53.78%(p0.01)、48.15%(p0.01)和28.52%(p0.01)、34.49%(p0.01)、54.28%(p0.01);胸肌、腿肌中维生素E含量均表现出提高的趋势,以公鸡肌肉中维生素E含量的增加趋势较为明显,6%绿茶粉添加组公鸡腿肌、胸肌中维生素E含量与对照组相比分别增加31.25%和42.31%(p0.05)。肌内脂肪含量变化不大。总体来说,虽然多项血清生化指标均与绿茶粉添加剂量之间呈现正相关,但高剂量绿茶粉会降低肉鸡生长性能,并且对肉品质的影响较小,故绿茶粉的添加剂量以1%-2%较为适宜。
[Abstract]:The effects of different proportion of green tea powder on performance, slaughter performance, serum biochemical indexes and some meat quality indexes of white-feathered broilers were studied. 0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 6% (w / w) green tea powder were added to the basic diet of chickens. The broilers were fed according to the conventional feeding and management methods. The results were as follows: 1. Green tea powder was helpful to improve the growth performance and slaughter performance to a certain extent. 2% green tea powder had little effect on the growth performance of broilers, but 4%, 6% green tea powder had little effect on the growth performance of broilers. The average daily gain (ADG) of each group was not significantly different from that of the control group, but the ratio of 1% to 2% feed weight (F/G) showed a downward trend. The percentage of breast muscle and leg muscle of cock and hen increased by 32.53% and 36.14% respectively. The percentage of breast muscle and leg muscle of cock and hen increased by 10.88% (p0.05) and 6.10% respectively, and the percentage of leg muscle of cock and hen increased by 13.34% (p0.05) and 6.8% respectively. 6%. 2. The serum biochemical index test showed that the immune function of broilers was improved. The serum levels of immunoglobulin A (Ig A), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), globulin (GLB), serum total protein (STP), albumin (ALB) were significantly increased, and the serum lipid content was decreased in each group. 12.26%, 9.91%, 13.62%, 22.57%; total cholesterol content decreased by 10.22%, 5.02%, 5.28%, 4.47%; low density lipoprotein decreased by 10.40%, 23.59%, 9.03%, 1.46%; high density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, free fatty acid, leptin content increased in varying degrees respectively. Shan: The content of superoxide dismutase in serum was increased by 5.65%, 12.67%, 11.16%, 18.25% compared with the control group, and the content of malondialdehyde was decreased by 22.31%, 18.97%, 12.95%, 3.59% respectively. The content of blood glucose had little change, the content of blood glucose and glucagon had a downward trend, the content of insulin had no significant difference with the control group. Positive effects: meat-like cholesterol content decreased in varying degrees, compared with the control group, chicken breast cholesterol content decreased by 28.22% (p0.05), 14.39% (p0.05), 11.19%, 7.43%, leg muscle cholesterol content decreased by 9.05%, 4.57%, 15.08% (p0.05), 3.62%; chicken breast cholesterol content decreased by 20.00% (p0.05), 26.09% respectively. (p0.05), 18.37% (p0.05), 14.47% (p0.05), leg muscle cholesterol content decreased by 18.97% (p0.05), 11.89% (p0.05), 14.36% (p0.05), 5.61%; inosine content increased significantly, 2%, 4%, 6% green tea powder added group cock and hen pectoralis inosinic acid content increased by 36.99% (p0.01), 53.78% (p0.01), 48.15% (p0.01) and 28.52% (p0.01), p0.34%, p0.01, respectively. (p0.01); the content of vitamin E in breast muscle and leg muscle showed an increasing trend. The increase trend of vitamin E content in cock muscle was more obvious. The content of vitamin E in leg muscle and breast muscle increased by 31.25% and 42.31% (p0.05) respectively in 6% green tea powder group compared with the control group. The serum biochemical indexes were positively correlated with the additives of green tea powder, but the high dose of green tea powder could reduce the growth performance of Broilers and had little effect on meat quality. Therefore, 1% - 2% of green tea powder was more suitable.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5

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