肉牛专用运输车与普通车对肉牛运输的效果比较

发布时间：2018-08-19 07:47

【摘要】：本课题研究的目的是验证肉牛专用运输车的实际效果,比较它与普通运输车抗运输应激效果的差异性。观测肉牛运输过程中肉牛专用运输车各项设施的实际工作状况和牛群的状态,测量行驶和停车时车厢内的温度、湿度和风速。从肉牛专用运输车和普通车各随机选择6头牛作为实验组和对照组,在运输前17h、运输后4h、20h、26h、45h、52h以及运输后7d、17d颈静脉采血后分离血清并提取牛外周血淋巴细胞,检测血清中K+、Na+、Cl-、Ca2+离子水平及外周血淋巴细胞HSP90水平,并称重、观察后统计两组在运输后15天的增重与发病率。结果显示肉牛专用运输车的垂直升降尾板、半封闭车厢、分层和护栏、橡胶地板、温度监控探头设施能达到设计目的,实现了方便装卸、遮风挡雨、不拴系双层运输、地板防滑、温度监控的目的。但该车还有一些不足需要改进和完善,包括重新设计饮水方案、加强栏杆强度、减轻重量、加固尾板。专用车组肉牛运输后血清K+、Na+、Cl-以及外周血淋巴细胞HSP90的波动低于普通车组,运输后15天体重损失显著减少8.3kg,消化道疾病发病率有降低趋势,到达15天内专用车组33.3%发生消化道疾病,普通车组66.7%发生消化道疾病,两组呼吸道疾病发病率均为30.0%。计算得出,与用普通运输车相比,用肉牛专用运输车运输平均每头牛收益提高207.4元。所以,肉牛专用运输车的多项抗应激设计在实践中工作良好,抗应激效果优于普通运输车,有一定的推广价值。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this research is to verify the actual effect of beef cattle special transport vehicle and compare the difference of its anti-transport stress effect with that of common transport vehicle. The actual working condition and cattle herd state of the facilities of the special transport vehicle for beef cattle were observed and the temperature, humidity and wind speed in the carriage were measured when driving and stopping. Six cattle were randomly selected as experimental group and control group. The serum samples were collected from jugular vein at 17h before transport, 20h at 4h after transport and 45h at 45h after transport, and blood samples were collected from jugular vein for 17 days after transport. The peripheral blood lymphocytes were extracted from bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes. The levels of serum Ca 2 + and HSP90 of peripheral blood lymphocytes were measured and weighed. The weight gain and morbidity of the two groups at 15 days after transport were analyzed. The results show that the vertical lifting tail plate, semi-closed carriage, layering and guardrail, rubber floor and temperature monitoring probe can achieve the purpose of design, and realize convenient loading and unloading, shelter from the wind and rain, and double layer transportation without fastening. Floor anti-slip, temperature monitoring purposes. But the car still has some shortcomings to be improved and improved, including redesigning the drinking water scheme, strengthening the railing strength, reducing the weight, and strengthening the rear plate. The fluctuation of HSP90 in serum and peripheral blood lymphocytes in the special vehicle group was lower than that in the normal vehicle group, and the body weight loss was significantly reduced by 8.3 kg at 15 days after transport, and the incidence of digestive tract diseases had a tendency to decrease. The incidence of digestive tract diseases was 33.3% in the special vehicle group and 66.7% in the general vehicle group. The incidence of respiratory tract diseases in both groups was 30.0%. Compared with the ordinary transport vehicle, the average income per cow is increased by 207.4 yuan. Therefore, the anti-stress design of beef special transport vehicle works well in practice, and the anti-stress effect is better than that of ordinary transport vehicle.
【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823;S817.9

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