中国肉牛分子与基因修饰育种研究进展

发布时间：2018-08-19 14:46

【摘要】：随着世界肉牛产业科技的快速发展,我国肉牛产业的整体水平得到明显提高并取得丰硕成果。肉牛育种技术实现了由常规杂交育种向分子标记辅助育种、全基因组选择育种和基因组修饰育种的技术跨越,揭示出大量与生长发育、肉质品质、繁殖与疾病等相关的候选基因与分子标记,并逐步应用于肉牛育种实践。与生长发育性状相关的基因或分子标记主要集中在生长激素基因、生肌调节因子家族、肌肉生长抑制因子和胰岛素样生长因子等;参与肉质形成的基因主要集中在脂肪酸运输与沉积相关信号通路、钙蛋白酶信号通路、生肌调节因子家族与肌肉生长抑制因子等;繁殖性状相关基因或分子标记主要集中在Gn RH-FSHR-LH、生长分化因子9、催乳素受体和Fox O1等;抗病相关基因主要有MHC基因家族、TOLL样受体4基因等。目前,利用精准基因编辑技术已培育出促生长发育与提高肉品质的肉牛育种新材料。本文总结了近年来我国在肉牛分子与基因组修饰育种领域取得的研究进展,以期为我国肉牛遗传育种技术研究提供参考和借鉴。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology of beef cattle industry in the world, the overall level of beef cattle industry in China has been obviously improved and achieved fruitful results. The breeding technology of beef cattle has realized the technological leapfrogging from conventional crossbreeding to molecular marker-assisted breeding, whole genome selection breeding and genome modification breeding. Breeding and disease related candidate genes and molecular markers were gradually applied in beef cattle breeding. The genes or molecular markers related to the growth and development traits were mainly concentrated in the growth hormone gene, myogenic regulatory factor family, muscle growth inhibitory factor and insulin-like growth factor. The genes involved in meat formation mainly focus on fatty acid transport and deposition related signal pathway, calpain signaling pathway, myogenic regulatory factor family and muscle growth inhibitory factor. The genes or molecular markers related to reproductive traits were mainly GnRH-FSHR-LH, growth differentiation factor 9, prolactin receptor and Fox O1, and the genes related to disease resistance were mainly MHC gene family, Tall like receptor 4 gene and so on. At present, new breeding materials have been developed to promote growth and improve meat quality by using precise gene editing technology. This paper summarizes the research progress in the field of beef cattle molecular and genome modification breeding in China in recent years in order to provide a reference for the study of beef cattle genetic breeding technology in China.
【作者单位】：内蒙古大学省部共建草原家畜生殖调控与繁育国家重点实验室;
【基金】：高产优质转基因肉牛新品种培育项目(编号:2016ZX08007-002)资助~~
【分类号】：S823

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