畜禽草耦合模式初探

发布时间：2018-08-31 09:54

【摘要】：草原牧鸡推动畜-禽-草耦合,成为一种新型草地利用方式,在生物灭蝗、土壤培肥和牧民增收等方面发挥良好作用,大范围推广有可能实现退化草地生态和生产功能的双提升.农区散养鸡由来已久,方法简单,易于掌握,能否照搬到草原牧区?这种方式会对草地生态系统有何影响?尚不清楚.为此,本研究通过开展以农区散养鸡方式牧鸡(MJ)和围封(CK)对比实验,探索以农区散养鸡方式开展牧鸡的可行性.结果表明,MJ样地内鸡群的空间分布符合依赖密度的聚集分布幂法则模型.随距离鸡舍由近及远,鸡的密度显著降低,从4000只/hm~2(R20 m)显著降低到500只/hm~2(20 mR60 m)和100只/hm~2(R60 m).植物群落受MJ、距离和MJ×距离影响显著.距离鸡栖息地20 m以内,MJ对植被的破坏严重,群落高度、盖度和地上生物量均显著低于CK.20~60 m范围内,得益于MJ的养分添加效应,其物种丰富度、盖度和地上生物量均显著高于CK,MJ当年的升高幅度分别为110.0%,54.7%和43.2%,MJ第二年的升高幅度与第一年相当;而当距离大于60 m时,MJ对植被无显著影响.MJ会造成鸡群的不均匀分布和近栖息地附近植被的严重破坏,不宜在畜禽草耦合模式中应用.实际生产过程中牧鸡应尽量做到密度适中和均匀分布,充分发挥其养分添加效应,促进植被的生长与恢复.
[Abstract]:Steppe herding chickens promote the coupling of livestock, poultry and grass, and become a new type of grassland utilization mode, which plays a good role in biological locust control, soil fertilization and herdsmen's income increase, etc. It is possible to promote the ecological and productive functions of degraded grassland on a large scale. Agricultural area scattered chicken has a long history, the method is simple, easy to master, can be copied to the grassland pastoral area? How does this approach affect grassland ecosystems? It is not clear yet. Therefore, through the comparative experiment of (MJ) and (CK), the feasibility of farmed chicken in agricultural area was explored. The results showed that the spatial distribution of chickens in MJ plot was in accordance with the power-law model of density dependent aggregation distribution. The density of the chickens decreased significantly from 4000 / hmt2 (R20m) to 500 / hmt2 (20 mR60 / m) and 100 / hmt2 (R60 m).) over the distance from close to far away. Plant communities were significantly affected by MJ, distance and MJ 脳 distance. Within 20 m of chicken habitat, MJ caused serious damage to vegetation. The community height, coverage and aboveground biomass were significantly lower than those in CK.20~60 m. The species richness of MJ was due to the nutrient addition effect of MJ. Coverage and aboveground biomass were significantly higher than those in CK,MJ year by 54.7% and 43.22% respectively in the second year, which was similar to that in the first year. When the distance is more than 60 m, MJ has no significant effect on vegetation. MJ will cause uneven distribution of chickens and serious destruction of vegetation near habitat, so it is not suitable to be used in coupling model of livestock, poultry and grass. In the actual production process, the density should be moderate and even distribution should be achieved as far as possible, the effect of nutrient addition should be brought into full play, and the growth and restoration of vegetation should be promoted.
【作者单位】：中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室;中国环境科学研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(批准号:31400338,31270572) 国家重点研发计划(批准号:2016YFC0500708) 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(批准号:XDA05070102)资助
【分类号】：S831

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