西南岩溶地区肉用绵羊新类群种质特性研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 07:21

【摘要】：我国西南岩溶地区水热条件好,具有丰富的草地资源,适合大力发展草地生态畜牧业。但是,由于缺乏专门化肉羊品种等因素,这一地区草地畜牧业的发展相对滞后。贵州省晴隆县位于我国西南岩溶地区,是贵州省乃至整个西南岩溶地区农村的典型代表。为了打造具有地方优势的肉用绵羊品牌,解决肉羊品种缺乏这一关键问题,晴隆县先后引进了多个优良肉羊品种。其中,以杜泊羊为父本、湖羊等国内优良肉羊品种为母本进行肉用绵羊杂交生产,经过多年的自然选择和人工选择,逐渐形成了一个新的绵羊群体——肉用绵羊新类群。本文采用活体测量、跟踪观察、口罩法、微卫星标记等多种研究手段,开展了西南岩溶地区肉用绵羊新类群种质特性研究,对合理利用种质资源,发展草地生态畜牧业具有指导作用。研究内容包括体重体尺测量、血液生化指标测定、牧食行为观测、采食量测定、微卫星遗传多态性分析等方面。通过研究发现:(1)肉用绵羊新类群生长速度快,体重、体尺等生长指标良好,血液生化指标数值正常,值得进一步继续选育提高。其中,6月龄公羊平均体重、胸围为28.49kg、67.44cm,周岁公羊平均体重、胸围为63.56kg、90.16cm,成年公羊平均体重、胸围为81.60kg、102.4cm。6月龄母羊平均体重、胸围为26.90kg、68.62cm,周岁母羊平均体重、胸围为45.92kg、82.63cm,成年母羊平均体重、胸围为64.01kg、93.02cm。绵羊的年龄不同、性别不同,其血液生化指标数值也存在差异,这也与绵羊所处营养状况、外界环境及生理状况有关。(2)肉用绵羊新类群与山羊在牧食行为上存在差异。其中,肉用绵羊新类群采食时间占放牧时间的52.5%,显著高于山羊(P0.05);而站立游走时间占放牧时间的23.1%,极显著低于山羊(P0.01);两者反刍和卧息时间差异不显著,反刍时每个食团平均咀嚼次数基本相同。肉用绵羊新类群放牧时采食量为2.64kg/只·d,高于山羊日采食量,但差异不显著。由此可知,肉用绵羊新类群对西南岩溶地区特殊的草地生态环境适应性强,能很好地适应当地的放牧环境。(3)选用4个微卫星位点(BM1329、OarHH55、OarAE101、BM143)对肉用绵羊新类群、杜泊羊、湖羊、威宁绵羊等4个绵羊品种(群体)进行遗传多态性分析,4个微卫星位点在所有绵羊群体中均表现出高度多态,共检测到41个等位基因,多态信息含量和杂合度平均值分别在0.6950~0.8375和0.7527~0.8634之间。其中,肉用绵羊新类群的多态信息含量和杂合度平均值分别为0.8128和0.8487,说明肉用绵羊新类群群体具有丰富的遗传多态性。在UPGMA法构建的系统发生树中,肉用绵羊新类群与湖羊群体先聚为一类,再和贵州地方品种威宁绵羊聚为一类,然后与引进品种杜泊羊聚为一类。综上所述,在西南岩溶地区,以杜泊羊为父本、湖羊为母本进行肉用绵羊杂交生产是理想的选择,继续加强对西南岩溶地区肉用绵羊新类群的选育提高,有望将其培育成优良的肉羊品种(群体)。
[Abstract]:The karst area of southwest China has good water and heat conditions and abundant grassland resources, which is suitable for the development of grassland ecological animal husbandry. However, the development of grassland animal husbandry in this area lags behind due to the lack of specialized mutton sheep breeds and other factors. Qinglong County of Guizhou Province is located in the karst area of southwest China, which is a typical representative of the rural area of Guizhou Province and even the whole karst area of Southwest China. In order to build the brand of meat sheep with local advantages and solve the key problem of lack of mutton sheep breeds, Qinglong County has introduced several fine mutton sheep breeds. Among them, domestic fine mutton sheep breeds such as du Bo sheep as male parent and Hu sheep as female parent were used for crossbreeding of meat sheep. After many years of natural and artificial selection, a new sheep population, meat sheep new group, was gradually formed. In this paper, the germplasm characteristics of a new breed of meat sheep in karst area of southwest China were studied by means of in vivo measurement, tracking and observation, mask method and microsatellite marker, so as to make rational use of germplasm resources. The development of grassland ecological animal husbandry plays a guiding role. The contents of the study included body weight measurement, blood biochemical index measurement, grazing behavior observation, feed intake measurement, microsatellite genetic polymorphism analysis and so on. The results showed that: (1) the growth rate of the new group of meat sheep was fast, the body weight and body size were good, and the biochemical index of blood was normal, which was worthy of further breeding. The average body weight of 6 month old male sheep was 28.49 kg / 67.44 cm, the average weight of male sheep was 63.56 kg / kg 90.16 cm, the average weight of adult male sheep was 81.60 kg / 102.4 cm / month old ewe, the chest circumference was 26.90 kg / 68.62 cm, the average breast circumference of female sheep was 45.92 kg / 82.63 cm, and the average weight of adult ewe was 45.92 kg / 82.63 cm, respectively. The chest circumference was 64.01 kg / kg and 93.02 cm. The blood biochemical indexes of sheep are different with age and sex, which is related to the nutritional status, external environment and physiological condition of sheep. (2) there are differences in grazing behavior between the new group of meat sheep and goats. Among them, the feeding time of the new group of meat sheep was 52.5% of the grazing time, which was significantly higher than that of the goats (P0.05), while the standing walking time was 23.1% of the grazing time, which was significantly lower than that of the goats (P0.01). The average chewing times of each feeding group were the same when regurgitating. The feed intake of the new group of meat sheep was 2.64kg/ d, which was higher than that of goats, but the difference was not significant. It can be concluded that the new group of meat sheep has strong adaptability to the special grassland ecological environment in the karst area of southwest China, and can adapt to the local grazing environment very well. (3) four microsatellite loci (BM1329,OarHH55,OarAE101,BM143) are used to treat the new group of meat sheep, du Bo sheep and Hu sheep. Genetic polymorphisms of 4 sheep breeds (populations) including Weining sheep were analyzed. Four microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic in all sheep populations and 41 alleles were detected. The average values of polymorphic information content and heterozygosity were 0.6950 ~ 0.8375 and 0.7527 ~ 0.8634, respectively. The average values of polymorphism information content and heterozygosity of the new group were 0.8128 and 0.8487 respectively, which indicated that the new population of meat sheep had abundant genetic polymorphism. In the phylogenetic tree constructed by UPGMA method, the new breed of meat sheep and Hu sheep were first clustered into one class, then the local breed of Guizhou Weining sheep, and then with the introduced breed du Bo sheep. To sum up, in the karst area of southwest China, it is an ideal choice to crossbreed meat sheep with du Bo sheep as male parent and Hu sheep as female parent, and continue to strengthen the breeding and improvement of new breed of meat sheep in southwest karst area. It is hoped that it will be cultivated into a good breed (colony) of meat sheep.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S826

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