不同品种玉米生物学产量及饲用价值的研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 15:41

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究不同品种玉米在以收获全株青贮玉米为目的时的生物学产量以及全株玉米青贮前后的瘤胃降解规律;采用随机区组的大田种植试验设计测量不同品种玉米的田间生物学产量;选用4头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康杜泊羊作为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法对郑单958、德单5号、鲁青贮1号、豫青贮23号、雅玉9号、德单121、京科968以及墨西哥玉米的全株玉米青贮前后营养成分的瘤胃降解率进行测定。玉米大田试验表明:在相同的种植地区,不同品种玉米,由于其自身品质差异,在经历了相同生长时间收获时,其株高、穗位、初水分含量、鲜物质产量、干物质产量以及营养物质产量差异显著(P0.05);相同的品种玉米在不同的种植地区,由于种植地区的地理、管理水平及生育期差异,其株高、穗位、初水分含量、鲜物质产量、干物质产量以及营养物质产量差异显著(P0.05)。泰安、滕州、广饶地区,除了鲁青贮1号,不同品种玉米的出苗率差异不显著,都达到较高水平,都要比胶州地区的玉米出苗率高。株高、穗位与鲜产、干产间成一定的正相关。青贮前全株玉米降解试验表明:不同品种玉米的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的降解率均随着在瘤胃内培养时间的延长而显著增加(P0.05)。不同品种玉米的DM、OM、CP和NDF的降解率在0-72 h差异显著(P0.05);DM、OM、CP和NDF的降解参数(a、b、c)和有效降解率(ED)差异显著(P0.05)。全株玉米青贮后降解试验表明:不同品种玉米全株青贮的DM、OM、CP和NDF的降解率均随着在瘤胃内培养时间的延长而显著增加(P0.05)。DM、OM、CP和NDF的降解率在0-72 h差异显著(P0.05);DM、OM、CP和NDF的降解参数(a、b、c)和有效降解率(ED)差异显著(P0.05)。全株玉米青贮前后的营养价值比较表明:在以鲜样为基础测得的初水分、干物质、有机物的含量,全株玉米青贮后与青贮前相比,初水分含量低约2%-6%,DM含量高约3%-6%,OM含量高约1%-6%。在以全株玉米青贮前后的风干基础测得的CP、NDF、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的含量,全株玉米青贮后与全株玉米青贮前相比,CP含量高约0.1%-1%,NDF含量低约2%-5%,ADF含量无明显差异。青贮能够很好的保持全株玉米的营养品质。全株玉米青贮前后瘤胃降解参数比较表明:全株玉米在青贮后DM、OM、CP和NDF的快速降解部分(a)要比全株玉米青贮前高;慢速降解部分(b)低,而慢速降解部分的降解速率(c)高,DM和OM后的有效降解率(ED)低,CP和NDF的有效降解率(ED)高。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this experiment was to study the biological yield of different maize varieties and the rumen degradation rule before and after silage. The field biological yield of different maize varieties was measured by a random plot field planting experiment, and 4 healthy Dupo sheep with permanent rumen fistula were selected as experimental animals, Zhengdan 958 and Dedan 5 were treated with nylon bag method. The rumen degradation rate of the whole plant corn silage including Lu silage 1, Yu silage 23, Yayu 9, Dedan 121, Jingke 968 and Mexican corn before and after silage were determined. Corn field experiment showed that in the same planting area, different varieties of maize, due to their own quality differences, in the same growing time, the plant height, ear position, initial moisture content, fresh matter yield, the plant height, the ear position, the fresh matter yield, the plant height, the ear position, the fresh matter yield, the plant height, the ear position, the fresh matter yield, The difference of dry matter yield and nutrient yield was significant (P0.05), the same varieties of maize had different plant height, ear position, initial moisture content and fresh matter yield in different planting areas because of the difference of geographical, management level and growth period of planting area. Dry matter yield and nutrient yield were significantly different (P0.05). In Taian, Tengzhou and Guangrao areas, the emergence rate of different maize varieties was not significantly different, which was higher than that of Jiaozhou area except Lu silage No. 1. There was a positive correlation between plant height, ear position and fresh and dry yield. The degradation rate of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral washing fiber (NDF) of different maize varieties increased significantly with the extension of rumen culture time before silage (P0.05). The degradation rates of DM,OM,CP and NDF in different maize varieties were significantly different from 0 to 72 h (P0.05). The degradation parameters of OMCP and NDF and the effective degradation rate of (ED) were significantly different (P0.05). The degradation rates of DM,OM,CP and NDF in the whole plant silage of different maize varieties increased significantly with the prolongation of rumen culture time (P0.05). The degradation rates of NDF and OMCP increased significantly (P0.05) in 0-72 h (P0.05). There was a significant difference between the decomposition parameters (AA) and the effective degradation rate (ED) (P 0.05). The comparison of nutritional value before and after silage showed that the content of initial moisture, dry matter and organic matter measured on the basis of fresh sample was lower than that before silage, and the initial moisture content was lower than that before silage, and the content of DM was higher than that before silage. The content of DM was about 1-6OM higher than that before silage. The content of CP,NDF, acid washing fiber (ADF) measured on the basis of air drying before and after silage was about 0.1-1% higher than that before and after silage. There was no significant difference in the content of (ADF) between the whole plant corn silage and the whole plant corn silage. Silage can maintain the nutritional quality of whole corn. Comparison of rumen degradation parameters before and after silage showed that the rapid degradation of partial (a) of DM,OM,CP and NDF was higher than that of the whole plant before and after silage, and that of slow degradation of partial (b) was lower. However, the degradation rate of slow degradation part was higher than that of (c) and OM. The degradation rate of (ED) was lower than that of NDF and that of CP and NDF was higher than that of NDF.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S548;S816

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