肉兔繁殖性状挖掘及其遗传分析
发布时间：2018-09-06 10:02
【摘要】：本研究以康大肉兔配套系培育过程中及育成后的生产数据为实验材料,结合生产情况及育种需要,利用数量遗传学、生物统计学、育种学等理论,确定了五个次级繁殖性状。随后根据动物模型最大似然法原理(REML),借助ASReml软件对这五个次级繁殖性状的遗传参数进行了初步估计;利用EXCEL对各品系的常规繁殖性状的表型参数进行了计算;利用SAS9.1软件对常规繁殖性状进行了差异性分析和相关性分析;对固定效应对繁殖的影响进行了估计,分析了季节、胎次、场-年效应对繁殖的影响。五个次级繁殖性状分别为终生繁殖胎次、生产寿命、胎间距、年断奶仔兔数和产子选留数。总体来看,专门化父系(5系、6系、7系)、专门化母系(1系、2系)和标准品系(3系、4系)三系之间表现出系间差异显著、系内差异不显著的趋势。终生繁殖胎次表现出较为明显的差别,其中父系(4.46-4.80胎)低于母系(5.03-5.04胎),标准品系最高(5.20-5.90胎);生产寿命也表现出相似的规律,父系(155.06-190.00天)低于母系(210.00-210.80天);三类专门化品系之间的胎间距基本相同,父系的胎间距(60.85-67.48天)略低于母系(67.00-68.64天),低于标准品系(66.54-69.49天);年断奶仔兔数三类专门化品系之间基本相同,系间差异不显著;产子选留数父系(5.76-6.69只)系内差异显著,母系(6.26-6.55只)差异不显著,但均高于标准品系(5.47-5.71只)。终生繁殖胎次遗传力在0.0690-0.0804之间;生产寿命的遗传力在0.0360-0.0736之间;胎间距遗传力在0.0662-0.0782之间;年断奶仔兔数的遗传力在0.0526-0.0821之间,产子选留数的遗传力在0.0491-0.0859之间。五个次级繁殖性状的遗传力均低于0.1,属于低遗传力性状。各系的产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、初生个体重、21日龄窝重、21日龄活仔数、21日龄个体重、断奶个体重普遍存在显著或极显著性差异。其中,5系和6系、2系和5系、1系和6系、2系和6系的初生窝重差异不显著;2系和3系的初生个体重差异不显著;5系和6系的21日龄个体重差异不显著;1系和5系、4系和7系的21日龄活仔数差异不显著;5系和6系的断奶个体重差异不显著。其余性状之间差异性显著或者极显著。窝产仔数和窝产活仔数呈较强正相关;窝产活仔数和出生个体重呈较弱相关,但窝产活仔数和初生窝重呈较强正相关,;出生个体重和21日龄个体重与断奶活仔数呈正相关,表明体重较大的个体成活率更高,可以借此对断奶仔兔数进行选择。季节对各系的繁殖性能产生显著影响。综合来看,冬季繁殖性能最高,春季次之,夏季繁殖性能最差且与其他三个季节普遍存在显著性差异。各系肉兔不同胎次的繁殖性能有显著差异。随着胎次的增加,繁殖性能先上升后下降,第2胎、第3胎达到顶点后开始下降,五胎以后出现明显的下降。第1胎繁殖性能显著低于第2胎、第3胎的繁殖性能,略低于第4胎,与第5胎、5胎以上繁殖性能差异不显著。生产中应该注意调整群体结构,对6胎及以上母兔及时转群淘汰。场-年效应对各系繁殖性能产生较为明显的影响,总体而言,随着时间的推进,后代的生长速度和体重持续增加,但母兔的产仔数和产活仔数降低。其中,母系的LS、NBA呈下降趋势,W、LW21、WW呈上升趋势;父系的LS、NBA、LS21呈下降趋势,W、LW21、WW呈上升趋势;标准品系LWW、LSW呈下降趋势,WW呈上升趋势。
[Abstract]:In this study, five secondary reproductive traits were determined by using quantitative genetics, biostatistics and breeding theory. Then, according to the principle of maximum likelihood method (REML) of animal model, the five traits were analyzed by ASReml software. The genetic parameters of secondary reproductive traits were preliminarily estimated; the phenotypic parameters of conventional reproductive traits were calculated by EXCEL; the differences and correlation of conventional reproductive traits were analyzed by SAS9.1 software; the effects of fixed effects on reproduction were estimated, and the seasonal, parity and field-year effects were analyzed. The five secondary reproductive traits were lifetime reproductive parity, production life span, fetal spacing, number of weaned rabbits per year and number of selected offspring. There were significant differences in the number of lifetime reproduction, in which the paternal line (4.46-4.80 fetuses) was lower than the maternal line (5.03-5.04 fetuses), the standard strain was the highest (5.20-5.90 fetuses); the life span of the paternal line (155.06-190.00 days) was lower than the maternal line (210.00-210.80 days); the fetal spacing between the three specialized strains was basically the same, and the paternal line was the highest (5.20-5.90 fetuses). The distance (60.85-67.48 days) was slightly lower than the maternal line (67.00-68.64 days) and lower than the standard strain (66.54-69.49 days); the number of weaned rabbits per year was basically the same among the three specialized strains, and there was no significant difference between the lines; the number of paternal lines (5.76-6.69) had significant difference within the maternal line (6.26-6.55) but higher than the standard strain (5.47-5.71). The heritability of birth and reproduction was between 0.0690 and 0.0804; the heritability of production life was between 0.0360 and 0.0736; the heritability of fetal spacing was between 0.0662 and 0.0782; the heritability of weaned rabbits was between 0.0526 and 0.0821, and the heritability of selected seed was between 0.0491 and 0.0859. There were significant or extremely significant differences in litter size, litter size, litter weight, litter weight, litter weight, litter weight, litter weight of 21 days, litter weight of 21 days, individual weight of 21 days, and weaning weight among all lines. There was no significant difference in 21-day-old individual weight between 5 and 6 lines; there was no significant difference in 21-day-old live litter number between 1 and 5 lines, 4 and 7 lines; there was no significant difference in weaned individual weight between 5 and 6 lines. There was a strong positive correlation between litter size and litter size, and a positive correlation between litter size and litter size at birth and 21-day-old, suggesting a higher survival rate for the heavier individuals, which could be used to select the number of weaned rabbits. The reproductive performance of each strain of meat rabbit was significantly different from that of the other three seasons. The reproductive performance of the third fetus was slightly lower than that of the fourth fetus, and there was no significant difference with that of the fifth fetus and above. The growth rate and weight continued to increase, but the litter size and live litter size of female rabbits decreased. Among them, maternal LS, NBA showed a downward trend, W, LW21, WW showed an upward trend; paternal LS, NBA, LS21 showed a downward trend, W, LW21, WW showed an upward trend; standard strains LWW, LSW showed a downward trend, WW showed an upward trend.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S829.1
本文编号：2226002
[Abstract]:In this study, five secondary reproductive traits were determined by using quantitative genetics, biostatistics and breeding theory. Then, according to the principle of maximum likelihood method (REML) of animal model, the five traits were analyzed by ASReml software. The genetic parameters of secondary reproductive traits were preliminarily estimated; the phenotypic parameters of conventional reproductive traits were calculated by EXCEL; the differences and correlation of conventional reproductive traits were analyzed by SAS9.1 software; the effects of fixed effects on reproduction were estimated, and the seasonal, parity and field-year effects were analyzed. The five secondary reproductive traits were lifetime reproductive parity, production life span, fetal spacing, number of weaned rabbits per year and number of selected offspring. There were significant differences in the number of lifetime reproduction, in which the paternal line (4.46-4.80 fetuses) was lower than the maternal line (5.03-5.04 fetuses), the standard strain was the highest (5.20-5.90 fetuses); the life span of the paternal line (155.06-190.00 days) was lower than the maternal line (210.00-210.80 days); the fetal spacing between the three specialized strains was basically the same, and the paternal line was the highest (5.20-5.90 fetuses). The distance (60.85-67.48 days) was slightly lower than the maternal line (67.00-68.64 days) and lower than the standard strain (66.54-69.49 days); the number of weaned rabbits per year was basically the same among the three specialized strains, and there was no significant difference between the lines; the number of paternal lines (5.76-6.69) had significant difference within the maternal line (6.26-6.55) but higher than the standard strain (5.47-5.71). The heritability of birth and reproduction was between 0.0690 and 0.0804; the heritability of production life was between 0.0360 and 0.0736; the heritability of fetal spacing was between 0.0662 and 0.0782; the heritability of weaned rabbits was between 0.0526 and 0.0821, and the heritability of selected seed was between 0.0491 and 0.0859. There were significant or extremely significant differences in litter size, litter size, litter weight, litter weight, litter weight, litter weight, litter weight of 21 days, litter weight of 21 days, individual weight of 21 days, and weaning weight among all lines. There was no significant difference in 21-day-old individual weight between 5 and 6 lines; there was no significant difference in 21-day-old live litter number between 1 and 5 lines, 4 and 7 lines; there was no significant difference in weaned individual weight between 5 and 6 lines. There was a strong positive correlation between litter size and litter size, and a positive correlation between litter size and litter size at birth and 21-day-old, suggesting a higher survival rate for the heavier individuals, which could be used to select the number of weaned rabbits. The reproductive performance of each strain of meat rabbit was significantly different from that of the other three seasons. The reproductive performance of the third fetus was slightly lower than that of the fourth fetus, and there was no significant difference with that of the fifth fetus and above. The growth rate and weight continued to increase, but the litter size and live litter size of female rabbits decreased. Among them, maternal LS, NBA showed a downward trend, W, LW21, WW showed an upward trend; paternal LS, NBA, LS21 showed a downward trend, W, LW21, WW showed an upward trend; standard strains LWW, LSW showed a downward trend, WW showed an upward trend.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S829.1
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