环境温度对生长猪生长性能、养分消化及能量代谢的影响

发布时间：2018-09-10 17:06

【摘要】：猪生产过程中受到众多环境因素影响,其中影响较为显著的是环境温度,本试验结合我国北方地区冬季气候特点,研究了持续低温环境对生长肥育猪生产性能、饲料中营养物质消化率、氮素利用、气体代谢、供能物质转化趋势和产热量的影响;为探究低温饲养环境下,如何合理提高猪生产效率,提高饲粮利用率,降低对环境的污染,实现养猪业绿色高效发展提供理论依据。试验选用10头30±1.5kg,日龄相同,体况健康,遗传背景相同的的杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪,随机分为2个处理组,每组5个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验以温度的不同分为2个处理组,分别为23℃(对照组)和13℃(试验组);试验共22天,其中预饲期3天,正式试验期19天。试验期猪单笼单槽饲养,自由采食饮水。试验结果如下:1、低温饲养环境会使生长肥育猪日采食量、料重比显著增加(P0.05),而日增重,背膘厚度有所降低;会显著增加血清尿素氮含量(P0.05),血糖、甘油三酯等血液生化指标也会有所增加。2、低温饲养环境显著降低了生长猪对饲料中粗蛋白的表观消化率(P0.05),对粗脂肪表观消化率、能量利用率及干物质消化率也均略有降低,但统计学上差异不显著(P0.05)。氮素利用方面,低温环境会显著增加粪氮排放量与总氮排出量(P0.05),尿氮排放量增加15.19%,而氮的沉积率降低3.59%。3、温度的降低会使猪呼吸过程中,耗氧量和二氧化碳产生量极显著增加(P0.01),分别增加26.2%和23.23%;产热量也极显著增加(P0.01),呼吸熵降低,机体产生能量所消耗的底物由碳水化合物逐渐转向为脂肪和蛋白质。综上所述,在低温饲养环境下,会对猪的生长性能、饲料内各种营养物质利用率产生负面影响,使生产效率降低;且寒冷环境下,猪维持产热增加,饲料氧化供能物质逐渐由碳水化合物向脂肪转换;此外也会增加氮和CO_2的排放,加剧对环境的负担。
[Abstract]:In the process of pig production, there are many environmental factors, among which environmental temperature is the most significant one. According to the characteristics of winter climate in northern China, the effect of continuous low temperature environment on the production performance of growing and finishing pigs was studied in this experiment. In order to investigate the effects of digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen utilization, gas metabolism, conversion trend of energy supply substances and heat production in feed, how to improve production efficiency of pigs, increase dietary utilization rate, and reduce pollution to the environment were investigated. To achieve green and efficient development of pig industry provides theoretical basis. Ten ovariectomized boars with 30 卤1.5 kg of age, same body health and same genetic background were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups, 5 replicates in each group and 1 pig in each. The experiment was divided into two groups according to the temperature, 23 鈩，

本文编号：2235077