农作物秸秆、黑麦草与豆科牧草混合青贮发酵品质的研究
发布时间：2018-09-12 11:06
【摘要】：本研究在农作物秸秆与黑麦草混合青贮的基础上,混入豆科牧草青贮,探讨不同混合比例的豆科牧草对混合青贮发酵品质、体外消化率及微生物组成的影响,以便确定适宜的混合比例。本研究农作物秸秆与黑麦草以40%:60%的鲜重比例混合,在此基础上按照总鲜重的0%(对照)、10%、20%和30%的比例混入豆科牧草紫花苜蓿和箭{H豌豆,45天后开窖,以期改善青贮饲料发酵品质的同时,提高青贮饲料的粗蛋白含量。试验共分四部分:1.青稞秸秆、黑麦草与豆科牧草混合青贮发酵品质的研究。对照组和处理组pH均在4.2以上,处理组pH显著升高(P0.05)。紫花苜蓿处理组乳酸含量明显增加(P0.05),干物质含量并无变化,箭{H豌豆处理组干物质含量则显著升高(P0.05),WSC的含量与DM含量有类似的变化趋势。乙酸含量明显降低,紫花苜蓿处理组粗蛋白含量显著增加(P0.05),箭{H豌豆处理组粗蛋白含量增加不显著(P0.05)。氨态氮/总氮的含量降低,箭{H豌豆处理组降低显著(P0.05)。紫花苜蓿处理组乳酸菌数量和好氧细菌数量的增加较为显著(P0.05),箭{H豌豆处理组与对照组相比没有明显差别。体外消化率并无显著差异。从青贮饲料发酵品质及营养品质的角度考虑,混入30%豆科牧草混合青贮较为适宜。2.小麦秸秆、黑麦草与豆科牧草混合青贮发酵品质的研究。紫花苜蓿处理组与对照组并没有表现出显著的pH差异,而箭{H豌豆处理组随着箭{H豌豆添加比例的提升,pH显著升高(P0.05)。紫花苜蓿和箭{H豌豆处理组乳酸含量均有增加,且随着添加比例增大,干物质含量逐渐减少。水溶性碳水化合物含量显著降低,无论是对照组还是处理组,水溶性碳水化合物含量均在20 g/kg DM以下。乙酸的含量显著提高(P0.05),乳酸/乙酸均在2左右,乳酸发酵以异型发酵为主。紫花苜蓿处理组丁酸含量略有降低,与对照组相比,处理组总的挥发性脂肪酸含量有所增加,但并不显著(P0.05)。粗蛋白含量显著增加(P0.05)。紫花苜蓿处理组氨态氮/总氮含量明显升高,箭{H豌豆处理组没有较大变化。体外消化率并无明显变化。在可发酵底物不充足,水分含量不适宜的情况下,不建议小麦秸秆、黑麦草与豆科牧草混合青贮。3.燕麦秸秆、黑麦草与豆科牧草混合青贮发酵品质的研究。豆科牧草处理组pH与对照组相比无显著差异,处理组乳酸含量及乳酸菌数量均有所提升。干物质含量下降,且无论是对照组还是处理组干物质含量均在300 g/kgFW以下。水溶性碳水化合物含量显著(P0.05)降低,紫花苜蓿处理组乙酸含量显著降低(P0.05),箭菩豌豆处理组差异不显著(P0.05)。乳酸/乙酸比值有增加的趋势,丁酸含量均降至10g/kgDM以下。粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维显著的增加(P0.05),氨态氮/总氮含量都有显著的下降(P0.05),体外消化率没有显著差异。建议30%紫花苜蓿与燕麦秸秆、黑麦草混合青贮较为适宜。4.油菜秸秆、黑麦草与豆科牧草混合青贮发酵品质的研究。豆科牧草处理组pH显著降低(P0.05),乳酸含量显著增加(P0.05),干物质含量随着豆科牧草添加比例的提高显著降低(P0.05)。水溶性碳水化合物随着紫花苜蓿添加比例增加显著降低(P0.05),箭{H豌豆处理组有减少,但并不明显(P0.05)。乙酸含量有所增加,乳酸/乙酸的比值略有升高,最高比达到5.09。粗蛋白显著增加(P0.05),氨态氮/总氮的含量上也有类似的趋势。中性洗涤纤维含量显著提高,丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量及体外消化率无显著差异。从发酵品质及营养品质的角度考虑,建议以30%箭{H豌豆与油菜秸秆、黑麦草混合青贮较为适宜。
[Abstract]:Based on the Mixed Silage of crop straw and ryegrass, leguminous forage silage was mixed with leguminous forage to study the effects of different mixing ratios of leguminous forage on fermentation quality, digestibility in vitro and microbial composition of Mixed Silage in order to determine the appropriate mixing ratio. On this basis, the fermentation quality of Mixed Silage of legume forage alfalfa and arrow {H pea] was improved by adding 0% (control), 10%, 20% and 30% of total fresh weight to the silage, and the crude protein content of silage was increased after 45 days. The pH of control group and treatment group was above 4.2, and the pH of treatment group increased significantly (P 0.05). The content of lactic acid in alfalfa treatment group increased significantly (P 0.05), while the content of dry matter remained unchanged. The content of dry matter in arrow {H pea treatment group increased significantly (P 0.05), and the content of WSC and DM had a similar change trend. The content of crude protein increased significantly in alfalfa treatment group (P 0.05), but not in Arrow {H pea treatment group (P 0.05). The content of ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen decreased significantly in Arrow {H pea treatment group (P 0.05). The number of lactic acid bacteria and aerobic bacteria increased significantly in Alfalfa treatment group (P 0.05), Arrow {H pea treatment group and control group (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in digestibility in vitro. Considering the fermentation quality and nutritional quality of silage, it was better to mix 30% legume forage with wheat straw. 2. Study on fermentation quality of wheat straw, ryegrass and legume forage. Alfalfa treatment group and control group did not show significant pH value. The content of lactic acid in alfalfa and H-pea treatments increased, and the content of dry matter decreased gradually with the increase of the ratio. The content of water-soluble carbohydrate decreased significantly, whether in control group or in treatment group. The total content of volatile fatty acids in the alfalfa treatment group was slightly lower than that in the control group, but the total content of volatile fatty acids in the treatment group was increased, but not significantly (P 0.05). Alfalfa treatment group ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen content increased significantly, arrow {H pea treatment group has no significant change. In vitro digestibility has no significant change. In the case of insufficient fermentable substrate, water content is not appropriate, wheat straw, ryegrass and leguminous forage Mixed Silage is not recommended. 3. Oat straw, ryegrass and leguminous forage Study on fermentation quality of Mixed Silage of grass. There was no significant difference in pH value between legume grass treatment group and control group. The content of lactic acid and lactic acid bacteria in legume grass treatment group increased. The content of dry matter decreased, and the content of dry matter in both control group and treatment group was below 300 g/kg FW. The content of acetic acid in alfalfa treatment group decreased significantly (P 0.05), but the difference was not significant (P 0.05). The ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid increased, the content of butyric acid decreased to below 10 g/kg DM. Crude protein, neutral washing fiber increased significantly (P 0.05), the content of ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen decreased significantly (P 0.05), and the digestibility in vitro was not significant. It is suggested that 30% alfalfa and oat straw, ryegrass Mixed Silage is more suitable. 4. Study on fermentation quality of rape straw, ryegrass and legume mixed silage. The pH of legume treatment group decreased significantly (P 0.05), the lactic acid content increased significantly (P 0.05), and the dry matter content decreased significantly (P 0.05) with the increase of legume forage proportion. Water-soluble carbohydrates decreased significantly (P 0.05) with the increase of Alfalfa content, but not significantly (P 0.05). Acetic acid content increased, the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid increased slightly, the highest ratio reached 5.09. Crude protein increased significantly (P 0.05), and the content of ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen also had a similar trend. The content of detergent fiber was significantly increased, while the content of butyric acid and total volatile fatty acid and digestibility in vitro were not significantly different.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816
本文编号：2238806
[Abstract]:Based on the Mixed Silage of crop straw and ryegrass, leguminous forage silage was mixed with leguminous forage to study the effects of different mixing ratios of leguminous forage on fermentation quality, digestibility in vitro and microbial composition of Mixed Silage in order to determine the appropriate mixing ratio. On this basis, the fermentation quality of Mixed Silage of legume forage alfalfa and arrow {H pea] was improved by adding 0% (control), 10%, 20% and 30% of total fresh weight to the silage, and the crude protein content of silage was increased after 45 days. The pH of control group and treatment group was above 4.2, and the pH of treatment group increased significantly (P 0.05). The content of lactic acid in alfalfa treatment group increased significantly (P 0.05), while the content of dry matter remained unchanged. The content of dry matter in arrow {H pea treatment group increased significantly (P 0.05), and the content of WSC and DM had a similar change trend. The content of crude protein increased significantly in alfalfa treatment group (P 0.05), but not in Arrow {H pea treatment group (P 0.05). The content of ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen decreased significantly in Arrow {H pea treatment group (P 0.05). The number of lactic acid bacteria and aerobic bacteria increased significantly in Alfalfa treatment group (P 0.05), Arrow {H pea treatment group and control group (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in digestibility in vitro. Considering the fermentation quality and nutritional quality of silage, it was better to mix 30% legume forage with wheat straw. 2. Study on fermentation quality of wheat straw, ryegrass and legume forage. Alfalfa treatment group and control group did not show significant pH value. The content of lactic acid in alfalfa and H-pea treatments increased, and the content of dry matter decreased gradually with the increase of the ratio. The content of water-soluble carbohydrate decreased significantly, whether in control group or in treatment group. The total content of volatile fatty acids in the alfalfa treatment group was slightly lower than that in the control group, but the total content of volatile fatty acids in the treatment group was increased, but not significantly (P 0.05). Alfalfa treatment group ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen content increased significantly, arrow {H pea treatment group has no significant change. In vitro digestibility has no significant change. In the case of insufficient fermentable substrate, water content is not appropriate, wheat straw, ryegrass and leguminous forage Mixed Silage is not recommended. 3. Oat straw, ryegrass and leguminous forage Study on fermentation quality of Mixed Silage of grass. There was no significant difference in pH value between legume grass treatment group and control group. The content of lactic acid and lactic acid bacteria in legume grass treatment group increased. The content of dry matter decreased, and the content of dry matter in both control group and treatment group was below 300 g/kg FW. The content of acetic acid in alfalfa treatment group decreased significantly (P 0.05), but the difference was not significant (P 0.05). The ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid increased, the content of butyric acid decreased to below 10 g/kg DM. Crude protein, neutral washing fiber increased significantly (P 0.05), the content of ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen decreased significantly (P 0.05), and the digestibility in vitro was not significant. It is suggested that 30% alfalfa and oat straw, ryegrass Mixed Silage is more suitable. 4. Study on fermentation quality of rape straw, ryegrass and legume mixed silage. The pH of legume treatment group decreased significantly (P 0.05), the lactic acid content increased significantly (P 0.05), and the dry matter content decreased significantly (P 0.05) with the increase of legume forage proportion. Water-soluble carbohydrates decreased significantly (P 0.05) with the increase of Alfalfa content, but not significantly (P 0.05). Acetic acid content increased, the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid increased slightly, the highest ratio reached 5.09. Crude protein increased significantly (P 0.05), and the content of ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen also had a similar trend. The content of detergent fiber was significantly increased, while the content of butyric acid and total volatile fatty acid and digestibility in vitro were not significantly different.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816
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