饲养方式对卢氏绿壳蛋鸡屠宰性能及消化道、免疫器官发育的影响

发布时间：2018-09-17 17:24

【摘要】：为探讨不同饲养方式对卢氏绿壳蛋鸡屠宰性能、肠道组织形态和消化、免疫等器官发育的影响,本试验选用18周龄放养与笼养卢氏绿壳蛋鸡各10只(公母各5只),对其相关指标进行测定分析。试验结果表明:(1)不同饲养方式对卢氏绿壳蛋鸡体重、体尺的影响:放养公鸡各项指标均大于笼养公鸡,其中胸深差异极显著(P0.01),龙骨长与胫围差异显著(P0.05);放养母鸡各项指标均小于笼养母鸡,其中体重、体斜长、胸深、胸宽、髋宽差异极显著(P0.01);放养条件下,公鸡各项指标除胸角外均极显著大于母鸡(P0.01);笼养条件下,公鸡体重与胫骨长显著大于母鸡(P0.05)。(2)不同饲养方式对卢氏绿壳蛋鸡屠宰性能的影响:不论公母,放养鸡的腿肌率与腹脂率均显著小于笼养鸡(P0.05);相同饲养方式下性别仅对笼养鸡胸肌率的影响差异极显著(P0.01)。放养公鸡小肠、肌胃、肝脏重量极显著大于笼养公鸡(P0.01);放养母鸡颈、翅的重量极显著小于笼养母鸡(P0.01);放养条件下,公鸡除生殖器官重量外所有指标均极显著大于母鸡(P0.01);笼养条件下,公鸡所有指标均大于母鸡,头重、脚重、心脏重差异极显著(P0.01),颈重差异显著(P0.05)。除髋宽与胸深、胫骨长、胫围呈显著正相关(P0.05)外,其余指标两两均呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。(3)不同饲养方式对消化器官发育的影响:放养公鸡除盲肠长度显著大于笼养公鸡外(P0.05),其余各肠段长度与重量均极显著大于笼养公鸡(P0.01);放养母鸡空肠、回肠段长度极显著大于笼养母鸡(P0.01),盲肠长度显著大于笼养母鸡(P0.05);放养条件下十二指肠、空肠、回肠重量极显著大于母鸡(P0.01);放养公鸡肝脏、肌胃、胰腺与肌胃器官指数极显著大于笼养公鸡(P0.01);放养母鸡各消化器官指数均极显著大于笼养母鸡(P0.01);放养鸡小肠总长均极显著大于笼养鸡(P0.01),放养公鸡空肠相对小肠指数显著大于笼养公鸡(P0.05),而回肠相对小肠指数显著小于笼养公鸡(P0.05);相同饲养方式下,笼养公鸡回肠相对小肠指数显著大于母鸡(P0.05)。(4)不同饲养方式对卢氏绿壳蛋鸡免疫器官发育的影响:放养公鸡胸腺、法氏囊重量,以及胸腺、法氏囊器官指数极显著大于笼养公鸡(P0.01);不同饲养方式对母鸡免疫器官的发育影响差异不显著(P0.05)。(5)不同饲养方式对卢氏绿壳蛋鸡肠道组织形态的影响:放养公鸡十二指肠的绒毛长度差异极显著大于笼养公鸡(P0.01),盲肠的绒毛长度显著大于笼养公鸡(P0.05);放养母鸡十二指肠的绒毛长度显著大于笼养母鸡(P0.05);放养公鸡各肠段绒毛宽度均极显著大于笼养公鸡(P0.01);放养母鸡十二指肠绒毛宽度极显著大于笼养母鸡(P0.01);放养公鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠段隐窝深度极显著大于笼养母鸡(P0.01),盲肠段显著大于笼养母鸡(P0.05);放养母鸡各肠段隐窝深度均大于笼养母鸡,其中回肠的差异极显著(P0.01),十二指肠的差异显著(P0.05);放养公鸡各肠段的V/C值均小于笼养公鸡,空肠段差异显著(P0.05);放养母鸡各肠段的V/C值均小于笼养母鸡,回肠段差异显著(P0.05);相同饲养方式下,放养公鸡回肠、盲肠段绒毛长度与宽度显著大于母鸡(P0.05),放养公鸡十二指肠、空肠段隐窝深度极显著大于母鸡(P0.01),其余指标差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,林下放养与立体笼养的饲养方式对于卢氏鸡体重体尺,消化、免疫器官发育等各项指标影响明显。放养公鸡各项指标除腿肌率、腹脂率外均不同程度优于笼养鸡。再者,由于生态放养鸡自由采食野外植物、籽实、虫类等,可有效降低饲养成本,提高经济效益。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of different feeding methods on slaughter performance, intestinal morphology, digestion and immune organ development of Lushi Green-shell layers, 10 Lushi Green-shell layers (5 males and 5 females) were selected from 18-week-old stocking and caged. The results showed that: (1) Lushi Green-shell layers were fed with different feeding methods. Weight, body size: the index of stocking cocks were greater than caged cocks, the chest depth difference was very significant (P 0.01), keel length and tibia circumference difference was significant (P 0.05); stocking hens were less than caged hens, including weight, body length, chest depth, chest width, hip width difference was very significant (P 0.01); stocking conditions, cocks except chest angle indicators. The weight of cock and the length of tibia were significantly greater than those of hens (P The weight of small intestine, muscle stomach and liver of broilers were significantly higher than those of caged cocks (P 0.01); the weight of neck and wing of broilers was significantly less than that of caged hens (P 0.01); all indexes except reproductive organ weight of cocks were significantly higher than those of hens (P 0.01); all indexes of broilers were greater than those of hens under caged conditions. There were significant positive correlations between hip width and chest depth, tibial length and tibial circumference (P (P 0.05), the length and weight of other intestinal segments were significantly greater than those of caged cocks (P 0.01); the length of jejunum and ileum were significantly longer than those of caged hens (P 0.01), and the length of caecum was significantly longer than that of caged hens (P 0.05); the weight of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were significantly greater than those of hens (P 0.01); the weight of liver, muscles and stomach, pancreas in caged hens (P 0.01). The index of gastrointestinal organs and muscles was significantly higher than that of caged cocks (P 0.01); the index of digestive organs in stocked hens was significantly higher than that of caged hens (P 0.01); the total intestinal length of stocked chickens was significantly longer than that of caged chickens (P 0.01); the index of jejunum and ileum of stocked cocks was significantly higher than that of caged cocks (P 0.05), and the index of ileum was significantly smaller than that of caged cocks (P 0.01). (4) Effects of different feeding methods on immune organ development of Lushi green shell layers: Thymus, bursa weight, and thymus, bursa organ index of Fabricius was significantly higher than that of caged cocks (P 0.01); Different feeding methods on immune organ development of Lushi green shell layers. There was no significant difference in the development of infected organs (P 0.05). (5) The effects of different feeding methods on the intestinal morphology of Lushi green shell layers: the length of villi in duodenum of broilers was significantly longer than that of caged cocks (P 0.01), the length of villi in cecum was significantly longer than that of caged cocks (P 0.05); the length of villi in duodenum of broilers was significantly longer than that of caged cocks (P 0.05). The width of intestinal villi in captive hens (P 0.05); in captive hens (P 0.01); in captive hens (P 0.01); in captive hens (P 0.01); in captive hens (P 0.01); in captive hens, the width of duodenal villi in captive hens (P 0.01); in captive hens (P 0.01); in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, the depth of crypt in captive hens (P 0.01); in caecum (P 0.05); in captive hens (P 0.05); in captive hens (P 0. The depth of intestinal recess in hens was higher than that in caged hens, especially in ileum (P 0.01) and duodenum (P 0.05); the V/C value of intestinal segments in stocked hens was lower than that in caged hens, and the V/C value of jejunum segments in stocked hens was significantly lower than that in caged hens (P 0.05). The length and width of villi in ileum and caecum of broilers were significantly longer than those of hens (P In addition to leg muscle rate and abdominal fat rate, all indexes of roosters are better than those of caged chickens in varying degrees. Moreover, the free feeding of wild plants, seeds and insects by eco-grazing chickens can effectively reduce feeding costs and improve economic benefits.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831

【参考文献】