宁夏银川市规模化牛场的生产和繁殖状况调查
发布时间：2018-10-13 20:05
【摘要】：为了解银川地区奶牛的生产和繁殖性能,本研究对2011～2014年银川地区十个规模化牛场生产性能和繁殖状况进行了调查,并对银川地区不同繁殖性能奶牛的血清铜、锌、锰含量进行了测定。调查结果显示：2011～2014年间,银川地区奶牛的日平均产奶量和305天产奶量逐年升高(P0.05)；不同年份的乳脂率和乳蛋白率有显著变化(P0.05)；不同年份的乳尿素氮存在差异,但均在适宜范围内；SCC逐年极显著降低(P0.01)；夏季的日产奶量极显著高于其他季节(P0.01)；冬季的乳脂率和乳蛋白率最高,而夏季的乳脂率和乳蛋白率最低(P0.01)；夏季的尿素氮显著高于其他季节(P0.05)；冬季的SCC最高,且2月的SCC显著高于其他月份(P0.05)；随着胎次的增加,日产奶量、305天产奶量显著升高(P0.05),4胎开始逐渐下降；随着胎次的增加,乳脂率和乳蛋白率逐渐下降,4胎之后又逐渐上升；随着胎次的增加,SCC不断上升,且1～3胎的SCC极显著升高(P0.01)。2011～2014年间,银川地区奶牛场的情期受胎率在42.73%～46.68%,2012年的情期受胎率最高,且显著高于2011年(P0.05)；一次受胎率在39.53%～48.04%,2013年的一次受胎率最高,且显著高于2012年(P0.05)；产犊间隔在426.38天～433.39天,不同年份间无显著性差异(P0.05)；胎衣不下率为18.14%～23.26%,2012年的胎衣不下率显著低于其他年份(P0.05)；流产率为9.87%～13.41%,2014年的流产率显著低于其他年份(P0.05)。日产奶量与乳蛋白率、乳尿素氮、SCC呈极显著负相关(P0.01)；SCC与乳脂率呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与乳尿素氮呈显著正相关(P0.05)；乳脂率与乳尿素氮呈显著负相关(P0.05),与乳蛋白率呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。不孕牛只的血清铜、锌含量高于怀孕牛只,但无显著差异(P0.05)；不孕牛与怀孕牛的血清锰含量相同。通过本次调查研究可知：银川地区的奶牛生产性能较高,而繁殖方面需要加强管理,提高受胎率,缩短产犊间隔,预防繁殖疾病的发生；不同繁殖性能的奶牛血清中铜、锌、锰含量无显著性差异,可能不是影响银川地区奶牛繁殖性能的因素。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the production and reproduction performance of dairy cattle in Yinchuan area, the production performance and reproduction status of ten large-scale cattle farms in Yinchuan area from 2011 to 2014 were investigated, and the serum copper and zinc of dairy cows with different reproductive performance in Yinchuan area were investigated. Manganese content was determined. The results showed that the daily average milk yield and 305 day milk yield of dairy cows in Yinchuan area increased year by year (P0.05), milk fat and milk protein rates changed significantly in different years (P0.05), and there were differences in milk urea nitrogen in different years. The daily milk yield in summer was significantly higher than that in other seasons (P0.01), the milk fat rate and milk protein rate in winter was the highest, but the milk fat rate and milk protein rate in summer was the lowest (P0.01). Urea nitrogen in summer was significantly higher than that in other seasons (P0.05); SCC in winter was the highest, and SCC in February was significantly higher than that in other months (P0.05); with the increase of birth order, daily milk yield, 305-day milk yield increased significantly (P0.05), 4 embryos began to decrease gradually; with the increase of birth order, The milk fat rate and milk protein rate decreased gradually, and then increased gradually after 4 births. With the increase of birth order, SCC increased continuously, and the SCC of 1 or 3 fetus increased significantly (P0.01). In Yinchuan area, the conception rate of estrous period was 42.73 ~ 46.68, and the conception rate in 2012 was the highest and significantly higher than that in 2011 (P0.05); the rate of conception at one time was 39.53 and 48.04, and the rate was the highest in 2013, and significantly higher than that in 2012 (P0.05); the interval between calving and calving was 426.38 ~ 433.39 days. There was no significant difference between different years (P0.05); the fetal coat rate was 18.14% 23.26, and in 2012 was significantly lower than that in other years (P0.05); the abortion rate was 9.87% 13.41%, and the abortion rate in 2014 was significantly lower than that in other years (P0.05). Daily milk yield and milk protein rate, milk urea nitrogen, SCC were significantly negative correlation (P0.01); SCC and milk fat rate was very significant negative correlation (P0.01), and milk urea nitrogen was significantly positive correlation (P0.05); Milk fat rate and milk urea nitrogen were significantly negative correlation (P0.05), and milk protein rate was extremely significant positive correlation (P0.01). The serum copper and zinc contents of infertile cattle were higher than that of pregnant cattle, but there was no significant difference (P0.05); the serum manganese content of infertile cattle and pregnant cattle was the same. Through this investigation, we can see that the dairy cows in Yinchuan area have high production performance, but in reproduction, we should strengthen management, improve conception rate, shorten calving interval and prevent breeding diseases, and copper, zinc in serum of cows with different reproductive performance, There was no significant difference in manganese content, which may not be a factor affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows in Yinchuan area.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823
本文编号：2269748
[Abstract]:In order to understand the production and reproduction performance of dairy cattle in Yinchuan area, the production performance and reproduction status of ten large-scale cattle farms in Yinchuan area from 2011 to 2014 were investigated, and the serum copper and zinc of dairy cows with different reproductive performance in Yinchuan area were investigated. Manganese content was determined. The results showed that the daily average milk yield and 305 day milk yield of dairy cows in Yinchuan area increased year by year (P0.05), milk fat and milk protein rates changed significantly in different years (P0.05), and there were differences in milk urea nitrogen in different years. The daily milk yield in summer was significantly higher than that in other seasons (P0.01), the milk fat rate and milk protein rate in winter was the highest, but the milk fat rate and milk protein rate in summer was the lowest (P0.01). Urea nitrogen in summer was significantly higher than that in other seasons (P0.05); SCC in winter was the highest, and SCC in February was significantly higher than that in other months (P0.05); with the increase of birth order, daily milk yield, 305-day milk yield increased significantly (P0.05), 4 embryos began to decrease gradually; with the increase of birth order, The milk fat rate and milk protein rate decreased gradually, and then increased gradually after 4 births. With the increase of birth order, SCC increased continuously, and the SCC of 1 or 3 fetus increased significantly (P0.01). In Yinchuan area, the conception rate of estrous period was 42.73 ~ 46.68, and the conception rate in 2012 was the highest and significantly higher than that in 2011 (P0.05); the rate of conception at one time was 39.53 and 48.04, and the rate was the highest in 2013, and significantly higher than that in 2012 (P0.05); the interval between calving and calving was 426.38 ~ 433.39 days. There was no significant difference between different years (P0.05); the fetal coat rate was 18.14% 23.26, and in 2012 was significantly lower than that in other years (P0.05); the abortion rate was 9.87% 13.41%, and the abortion rate in 2014 was significantly lower than that in other years (P0.05). Daily milk yield and milk protein rate, milk urea nitrogen, SCC were significantly negative correlation (P0.01); SCC and milk fat rate was very significant negative correlation (P0.01), and milk urea nitrogen was significantly positive correlation (P0.05); Milk fat rate and milk urea nitrogen were significantly negative correlation (P0.05), and milk protein rate was extremely significant positive correlation (P0.01). The serum copper and zinc contents of infertile cattle were higher than that of pregnant cattle, but there was no significant difference (P0.05); the serum manganese content of infertile cattle and pregnant cattle was the same. Through this investigation, we can see that the dairy cows in Yinchuan area have high production performance, but in reproduction, we should strengthen management, improve conception rate, shorten calving interval and prevent breeding diseases, and copper, zinc in serum of cows with different reproductive performance, There was no significant difference in manganese content, which may not be a factor affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows in Yinchuan area.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823
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