玉米果穗率与青贮饲料品质的关系

发布时间：2018-10-15 09:37

【摘要】：玉米(ZeamaysL2)由南方向北方引种,可提高生物产量、也可能影响青贮饲料的品质。为探讨南方种质北引对青贮品质的影响,尤其是果穗率与青贮原料及青贮饲料营养价值、青贮饲料发酵品质的关系,本试验用13个云南引进的品种(系)和2个江苏本地推广品种,分别于2013和2014年的5-10月在江苏省农科院六合动物科学基地,采用田间试验加实验室测定的方法进行2年重复试验。试验采用完全随机区组田间试验设计,每个品种4次重复。试验研究的主要结果如下:1.供试品种(系)均在南京地区生长良好,生物产量在23.06-40.39thm~(-2)之间,果穗产量在12.18-24.12 thm~(-2)之间,果穗率介于0.42-0.59,株高在228.11-263.56 cm之间,茎粗在20.40-25.15 mm之间,穗位高在64.00-89.28 cm之间;相关性分析结果表明,影响生物产量的最重要性状是果穗率,其次为穗位高、茎粗和株高等。生物产量的年间变异大(CV=7.32),而玉米果穗率的年间变异小(CV=4.61)。玉米果穗率可以作为衡量南京地区青贮玉米品种(系)优劣的参数。2.通过对供试玉米品种(系)蜡熟期和成熟期青贮原料及其青贮饲料的营养价分析评价,玉米果穗率与青贮原料、青贮饲料营养价值的相关性分析,明确了玉米果穗率对青贮原料和青贮饲料的营养价值的影响,即随着玉米果穗率的增加,营养价值提高;青贮原料营养价值和青贮饲料营养价值显著正相关;蜡熟期和成熟期玉米均适宜全株青贮利用,成熟期的营养价值由于果穗率的增加优于蜡熟期,其生物产量显著高于蜡熟期。因此,供试品种(系)在本地气候及栽培条件下,成熟期更适宜制作青贮饲料。3.供试玉米品种(系)蜡熟期和成熟期青贮饲料发酵品质的分析,结果表明,全株WSC含量随玉米果穗率的增加而增加;青贮饲料发酵品质随玉米果穗率和全株WSC含量的增加而提高。成熟期由于果穗率大于蜡熟期,因此青贮饲料发酵品质更好。综上所述,在南京地区生态和生产条件下,玉米果穗率是影响生物产量的重要因素,且年间稳定性好;果穗率对青贮原料、青贮饲料的营养价值和青贮饲料的发酵品质皆有重要影响。在南京地区气候和栽培条件下,玉米、尤其是青贮玉米品种(系)在育种、栽培及青贮调制上都应加强对玉米果穗率的重视,从原料源头提高青贮饲料品质。
[Abstract]:Maize (ZeamaysL2) introduced from south to north can increase biological yield and affect the quality of silage. In order to study the effect of north introduction of southern germplasm on silage quality, especially the relationship between ear rate and silage raw material and silage nutrition value, silage fermentation quality. In this experiment, 13 varieties (lines) introduced from Yunnan and 2 native varieties of Jiangsu Province were used in the Liu-he Animal Science Base of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in May-October of 2013 and 2014, respectively. A 2-year repeated trial was carried out by means of field experiment and laboratory test. The experiment was designed with complete random block field trial, and each variety was repeated 4 times. The main results are as follows: 1. All the tested varieties (lines) grew well in Nanjing, with biological yield of 23.06-40.39thm-2, ear yield of 12.18-24.12 thm~ (-2), ear rate of 0.42-0.59, plant height of 228.11-263.56 cm, stem diameter of 20.40-25.15 mm and ear height of 64.00-89.28 cm. The results of correlation analysis showed that the most important characters affecting biological yield were ear rate, ear height, stem diameter and plant height. The annual variation of biological yield (CV=7.32) was higher than that of maize ear rate (CV=4.61). The ear rate of maize can be used as a parameter to evaluate the quality of silage maize varieties (lines) in Nanjing area. 2. The nutritive value of silage material and silage in waxy maturity stage and mature stage were analyzed and evaluated, and the correlation between corn ear rate and silage material and silage value was analyzed. The effect of corn ear rate on the nutritional value of silage and silage was clarified, that is, with the increase of corn ear rate, the nutritional value of silage was increased, and the nutritive value of silage was positively correlated with that of silage. Both waxy stage and mature stage were suitable for silage of whole plant. The nutritive value of mature stage was better than that of waxy stage due to the increase of ear rate, and its biological yield was significantly higher than that of waxy stage. Therefore, under the local climate and cultivation conditions, it is more suitable to make silage at maturity stage of the tested varieties (lines). The fermentation quality of silage in waxy and mature stages of maize varieties (lines) was analyzed. The results showed that the WSC content of whole plant increased with the increase of ear rate of maize. The fermentation quality of silage increased with the increase of ear rate and WSC content. At maturity stage, the yield of ear was higher than that of wax stage, so the fermentation quality of silage was better. In conclusion, under the ecological and production conditions in Nanjing, the ear rate of maize is an important factor affecting biological yield, and the annual stability is good. The nutritional value of silage and fermentation quality of silage have important influence. Under the climate and cultivation conditions in Nanjing, maize, especially silage maize varieties (lines) should pay more attention to the ear rate of maize in breeding, cultivation and silage preparation, and improve the silage quality from the source of raw material.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S513;S548;S816

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