基于SPOT-VEG的内蒙古草原植被覆盖时空动态变化监测研究
发布时间：2018-11-03 11:32
【摘要】：内蒙古草原是我国最大的天然草原牧场和重要的生态屏障。作为气候变化敏感区和生态脆弱区,近年来受气候条件和人为破坏,草原植被覆盖量持续下降,导致草地退化、旱涝、鼠虫害、沙尘暴等频频发生,给国家带来巨大的经济损失。因此研究草原植被的时空变化和与相关因子的关系显得尤为重要。 本研究利用遥感技术,分析了内蒙古草地近10年植被指数与气候因子的关系；通过作NDVI时间序列研究了内蒙古草原盖度的时空分布规律；并利用EMD小波降噪模型,结合地面样本资料,从亚类层面分析各植被的时空分布特征。本文主要研究结果表明： (1)乌拉特、锡林浩特和鄂温克的年平均气温整体变化不大；锡林浩特、鄂温克旗的降水量逐年减少,乌拉特中旗呈现波动上升趋势；内蒙古中西部对降水响应程度高于东部地区,降水集中在7、8月份,90年代后,降水突变间隔的缩短,东部地区旱涝灾害频发。鄂温克旗各气候因子和NDVI相关性均不显著：锡林浩特、乌拉特中旗降水量与NDVI呈正相关性,相关系数分别0.455(通过0.05显著性检验)和0.309；乌拉特中旗风速、日照与NDVI呈显著负相关性,相关系数分别为-0.455和-0.418(均通过0.05显著性检验)。 (2)乌拉特以温性草原荒漠植被为主,月值NDVI变化很小；鄂温克旗以林地及高原草地为主,冬季植被落叶,NDVI变化甚大；锡林浩特为高原草地,NDVI变化适中。生长季植被自东北林地向西南沙漠逐渐变绿。 (3)近10年,乌拉特中旗植被呈先退化后恢复的趋势；锡林浩特地区植被整体上呈先退化后恢复趋势,2000年植被状况最差,2000年之后显著恢复,2000-2007年,83.968%草原植被趋于好转；鄂温克旗地区呈先退化后恢复再严重退化的趋势,2007年植被状况最差,2000年后植被恢复显著。 (4)1998-2008年内蒙古草地生长季植被指数自西向东呈阶梯式上升的趋势。2001年植被退化最严重,1998后出现了大范围、高强度的植被退化,2001-2002恢复程度较高,2002年后趋于平缓,2004和2006有所下降,2007年开始好转。2000年之后相关保护政策实施,30%以上的退化草地得到不同程度的恢复,得出过度放牧等人为因素为主导因子。 (5)EMD信号趋势提取技术能去除噪声和误差信息,更好地获取不同类型植被的生长趋势。EMD乌拉特地区阴山南麓,前冲积扇和黄河灌溉区域有良好的植被覆盖；1999-2007年,大部分地区植被改善；西北和北部戈壁沙漠地区一些植被得到了改善,平均NDVI值仍小于0.1,呈严重沙漠化状态；中部地区则波动不断,年际变化较大,并无显著改善；乌拉特中旗整体年平均NDVI值逐年上升。绘制出10类植被的生长趋势曲线,发现第6类植被(主要牧草)拟合斜率为负,表明具有衰减趋势,与过度放牧等人为因素有关。
[Abstract]:Inner Mongolia grassland is the largest natural grassland pasture and an important ecological barrier in China. As a sensitive area of climate change and an ecologically fragile area, in recent years, due to climatic conditions and man-made damage, the amount of grassland vegetation cover has been continuously declining, resulting in grassland degradation, drought and waterlogging, insect pests and mice, sandstorms, etc. Bring great economic losses to the country. Therefore, it is very important to study the temporal and spatial changes of grassland vegetation and the relationship between grassland vegetation and related factors. The relationship between vegetation index and climatic factors in Inner Mongolia grassland in recent 10 years was analyzed by using remote sensing technology, and the temporal and spatial distribution of grassland coverage in Inner Mongolia was studied by using NDVI time series. Based on the EMD wavelet denoising model and ground sample data, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of vegetation were analyzed from the subclass level. The main results of this paper are as follows: (1) the annual mean air temperature in Ulat, Xilinhaote and Ewenki does not change as a whole, the precipitation of Xilinhaote and Ewenki Banner decreases year by year, and the middle flag of Wurat is fluctuating and rising. The response to precipitation in the central and western Inner Mongolia is higher than that in the eastern region, and the precipitation is concentrated in July and August. After the 1990s, the abrupt interval of precipitation has been shortened, and the drought and flood disasters occurred frequently in the eastern region. There was no significant correlation between climatic factors and NDVI in Ewenki Banner: there was a positive correlation between precipitation and NDVI in Xilinhaote, and the correlation coefficients were 0.455 and 0.309 respectively. The correlation coefficient between wind speed, sunshine and NDVI was-0.455 and-0.418, respectively. (2) the temperature steppe desert vegetation is the main vegetation in Wulat, the monthly value of NDVI is very small, the Ewenki flag is mainly forestland and plateau grassland, the winter vegetation is deciduous, the NDVI change is very big, the Xilinhot is plateau grassland, the NDVI change is moderate. In the growing season, the vegetation gradually turns green from the northeast woodland to the southwest desert. (3) in the last 10 years, the vegetation in the middle flag of Ulat showed a tendency of first degradation and then restoration; The vegetation in Xilinhaote area showed a trend of first degradation and then restoration. The vegetation status was the worst in 2000 and recovered significantly after 2000. From 2000 to 2007, 83.298% of grassland vegetation tended to improve. Ewenki Banner area showed a tendency of first degradation and then restoration and then serious degradation. In 2007, the vegetation status was the worst, and the vegetation restoration was significant after 2000. (4) the vegetation index of Inner Mongolia grassland growing season increased step by step from west to east from 1998 to 2008.In 2001, vegetation degradation was the most serious, and after 1998, there appeared large-scale and high-intensity vegetation degradation, and the restoration degree was higher in 2001-2002. After 2000, more than 30% of degraded grassland was recovered to some extent, and human factors such as overgrazing were the dominant factor. (5) EMD signal trend extraction technology can remove noise and error information, and better obtain the growth trend of different types of vegetation. There is good vegetation cover in the south foot of Yinshan Mountain in EMD Wurat area and in the irrigation area of the front alluvial fan and the Yellow River. From 1999 to 2007, vegetation was improved in most areas, and some vegetation was improved in the Gobi desert in the northwest and north of China. The average NDVI value was still less than 0.1, showing a serious desertification state. In the middle part of China, the annual average NDVI value of the central flag increased year by year, and the annual variation was great, but there was no significant improvement. The growth trend curves of 10 types of vegetation were plotted and the slope of fitting of the sixth type vegetation (main forage grass) was found to be negative, which indicated that there was a tendency of attenuation, which was related to human factors such as overgrazing.
【学位授予单位】：河北工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812
本文编号：2307664
[Abstract]:Inner Mongolia grassland is the largest natural grassland pasture and an important ecological barrier in China. As a sensitive area of climate change and an ecologically fragile area, in recent years, due to climatic conditions and man-made damage, the amount of grassland vegetation cover has been continuously declining, resulting in grassland degradation, drought and waterlogging, insect pests and mice, sandstorms, etc. Bring great economic losses to the country. Therefore, it is very important to study the temporal and spatial changes of grassland vegetation and the relationship between grassland vegetation and related factors. The relationship between vegetation index and climatic factors in Inner Mongolia grassland in recent 10 years was analyzed by using remote sensing technology, and the temporal and spatial distribution of grassland coverage in Inner Mongolia was studied by using NDVI time series. Based on the EMD wavelet denoising model and ground sample data, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of vegetation were analyzed from the subclass level. The main results of this paper are as follows: (1) the annual mean air temperature in Ulat, Xilinhaote and Ewenki does not change as a whole, the precipitation of Xilinhaote and Ewenki Banner decreases year by year, and the middle flag of Wurat is fluctuating and rising. The response to precipitation in the central and western Inner Mongolia is higher than that in the eastern region, and the precipitation is concentrated in July and August. After the 1990s, the abrupt interval of precipitation has been shortened, and the drought and flood disasters occurred frequently in the eastern region. There was no significant correlation between climatic factors and NDVI in Ewenki Banner: there was a positive correlation between precipitation and NDVI in Xilinhaote, and the correlation coefficients were 0.455 and 0.309 respectively. The correlation coefficient between wind speed, sunshine and NDVI was-0.455 and-0.418, respectively. (2) the temperature steppe desert vegetation is the main vegetation in Wulat, the monthly value of NDVI is very small, the Ewenki flag is mainly forestland and plateau grassland, the winter vegetation is deciduous, the NDVI change is very big, the Xilinhot is plateau grassland, the NDVI change is moderate. In the growing season, the vegetation gradually turns green from the northeast woodland to the southwest desert. (3) in the last 10 years, the vegetation in the middle flag of Ulat showed a tendency of first degradation and then restoration; The vegetation in Xilinhaote area showed a trend of first degradation and then restoration. The vegetation status was the worst in 2000 and recovered significantly after 2000. From 2000 to 2007, 83.298% of grassland vegetation tended to improve. Ewenki Banner area showed a tendency of first degradation and then restoration and then serious degradation. In 2007, the vegetation status was the worst, and the vegetation restoration was significant after 2000. (4) the vegetation index of Inner Mongolia grassland growing season increased step by step from west to east from 1998 to 2008.In 2001, vegetation degradation was the most serious, and after 1998, there appeared large-scale and high-intensity vegetation degradation, and the restoration degree was higher in 2001-2002. After 2000, more than 30% of degraded grassland was recovered to some extent, and human factors such as overgrazing were the dominant factor. (5) EMD signal trend extraction technology can remove noise and error information, and better obtain the growth trend of different types of vegetation. There is good vegetation cover in the south foot of Yinshan Mountain in EMD Wurat area and in the irrigation area of the front alluvial fan and the Yellow River. From 1999 to 2007, vegetation was improved in most areas, and some vegetation was improved in the Gobi desert in the northwest and north of China. The average NDVI value was still less than 0.1, showing a serious desertification state. In the middle part of China, the annual average NDVI value of the central flag increased year by year, and the annual variation was great, but there was no significant improvement. The growth trend curves of 10 types of vegetation were plotted and the slope of fitting of the sixth type vegetation (main forage grass) was found to be negative, which indicated that there was a tendency of attenuation, which was related to human factors such as overgrazing.
【学位授予单位】：河北工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812
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