引进安格斯牛在新疆北部地区的适应性观察

发布时间：2018-11-10 11:59

【摘要】：本文主要以国外引进安格斯牛为研究对象,通过对2014年-2016年三年引进安格斯牛的生长性能、血清生化指标、血液生理指标,体尺指标,常规生理指标,繁殖性状,发病情况,环境气候,饲养管理条件这几大指标进行测定,来反映引进纯种安格斯牛在当地的适应性,并为当地引进良种牛提供数据基础。试验按照安格斯牛出生日龄基本一致、体重接近、性别一致为原则,分别对不同年龄阶段的牛进行试验。每一种类型的牛为一个试验组。然后进行了以下研究:(1)分别对当地牛场犊牛、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄体尺数据进行连续3年测量,2014年为引进牛的数据,2015年、2016年多为引进牛后代数据,通过对引进牛与原产地的比较,引进牛和后代3年体尺体重的比较。对体尺体重变化进行总结分析得出在当地牛场的生长适应性。(2)对各年龄阶段牛在不同季节血液血清生理生化指标进行测定,分析出安格斯牛在不同季节的生长免疫指标的变化。(3)对当地肉牛疾病进行统计分析。分析数据反映出引进纯种安格斯牛在当地的疾病适应性。具体结论如下:1、通过当地牛体尺数据与原产地的参考数据进行比较,得到各类牛在体尺数据上差异不显著(P0.05),表现出随年份增加体尺指标也随着提高。6月龄、12月龄、18月龄体重数据与原产地相比差异显著(P0.05),2016年安格斯牛平均体重分别为232.25kg、411.53kg、580.64kg,国外参考范围值为200.4kg、350.6kg、520.6kg。安格斯牛在当地的体尺增长高于原产地,具有更快的生长速度。2、舍饲条件下,黑色安格斯牛在体尺的增长高于红色安格斯牛,除十字部外,其他体尺指标均差异显著(P0.05)在生长性能上强于红色安格斯。表现出更快的生长速度。3、各年龄阶段的安格斯牛在冬季的生长指标低于其他季节,表现出冬季的生长性能较低但高于原产地,且随着不同年份的变化,各阶段的牛指标都有所变化,呈现出随着年份增长牛数据指标的适应性有所提高。4、安格斯牛在当地总繁殖率可以达到84.2%以上,2015年的总繁殖率达到89%以上。高于原产地的繁殖率,引进安格斯牛在当地具有良好的繁殖适应性。随着安格斯牛在当地生活的时间的增长,安格斯牛的繁殖率有一定的提高。5、安格斯牛在当地肢蹄病,异食癖较原产地提高2%的发病率,且随年份增长有所降低。犊牛肺炎发病率也有所减少。成年牛的繁殖疾病发病率降低3%,饲养管理水平的提高,本身牛只对当地环境的适应能力增强,表现出牛只对当地疾病适应能力随年有所提升。综上所述,引进纯种安格斯牛在当地具有良好的适应性,并能表现出更高的生产性能。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the growth performance, serum biochemical index, blood physiological index, body size index, routine physiological index, reproductive character and incidence of Angus cattle introduced from 2014 to 2016 were studied. In order to reflect the adaptability of imported pure Angus cattle and to provide data basis for the introduction of improved breed cattle, the environmental climate and the breeding and management conditions were measured in order to reflect the adaptability of imported pure Angus cattle. According to the principle of the same age, the same body weight and the same sex of Angus cattle, the experiment was carried out at different ages. Each type of cattle is a test group. Then the following studies were carried out: (1) the body size data of local calves, 6 months old, 12 months old and 18 months old were measured for 3 consecutive years, 2014 was the data of imported cattle, and most of the data of 2015 and 2016 were imported cattle offspring. By comparing the imported cattle with the origin, the body weight of imported cattle and their offspring were compared in 3 years. The growth adaptability in local cattle farm was obtained by summing up and analyzing the body weight change. (2) the physiological and biochemical indexes of blood serum were measured in different seasons of cattle of different ages. The changes of growth and immunity indexes of Angus cattle in different seasons were analyzed. (3) the disease of local beef cattle was analyzed statistically. The analysis data reflect the local disease adaptability of imported pure Angus cattle. The specific conclusions are as follows: 1. By comparing the body size data of local cattle with the reference data of origin, it is found that there is no significant difference in body size data of all kinds of cattle (P0.05), which shows that the body size index increases with the increase of year, and increases with the age of 6 months. The average body weight of Angus cattle in 2016 was 232.25 kg, 411.53 kg, 580.64 kg, and the reference range was 200.4 kg / kg ~ 350.6 kg / kg ~ 520.6 kg / kg, respectively, compared with the original country (P0.05), the average body weight of Angus cattle in 2016 was 232.25 kg / kg ~ (411.53) kg / kg ~ 580.64 kg / kg, respectively. The growth rate of the body ruler of Angus is higher than that of native area, and it has a faster growth rate. 2. Under the condition of house feeding, the growth of the in vivo ruler of black Angus is higher than that of red Angus, except for the cross. Other body size indexes were significantly different (P0.05) in the growth performance of the stronger than the red Angus. The growth index of Angus in winter was lower than that in other seasons, and the growth performance of Angus in winter was lower but higher than that of origin, and it changed with different years. The indexes of cattle in all stages were changed, showing that the adaptability of cattle data increased with the increase of year. 4. The total fecundity rate of Angus could reach 84.2% in the local area and 89% in 2015. The breeding rate of the imported Angus cattle is higher than that of the origin, and the imported Angus cattle have good breeding adaptability in the local area. With the increase of the time of Angus living in the local area, the reproduction rate of Angus increased to a certain extent. 5. The incidence of foot and limb disease of Angus was increased by 2% than that of native place of origin, and decreased with the increase of year. The incidence of pneumonia in calves has also decreased. The incidence of reproductive diseases in adult cattle was reduced by 3%, and the raising and management level was improved, and the adaptability of cattle to local environment was enhanced, which showed that the adaptive ability of cattle to local diseases increased with years. To sum up, the introduction of pure Angus cattle has good adaptability in the local, and can show higher production performance.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S823

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