生猪供应链生产环节安全风险识别与防控路径研究

发布时间：2018-11-12 14:49

【摘要】：生产环节是生猪供应链的起点,也是风险事件高发环节,养殖户滥用兽药、使用受污染饲料饲水以及疫病防疫、饲养环境维护、病死猪无害化处理等不当行为均会引发生猪供应链生产环节安全风险,影响且直接导致消费环节的损害,致使整个生猪供应链陷入恶性循环。因此,对生猪供应链生产环节安全风险进行有效识别和测度既可以降低生猪供应链生产环节安全风险,还可以提高生猪供应链风险管理效率。文章通过对既有文献进行系统梳理,结合江苏省阜宁县生猪养殖散户和规模养殖户的实地调查数据,运用贝叶斯网络方法对生猪供应链生产环节安全风险来源及其要素构成进行了深入分析。研究结果表明,生猪供应链生产环节安全风险主要表现在内部安全风险、外部安全风险和系统安全风险三个方面。从生猪供应链生产环节内部安全风险来看,生猪养殖户对安全生产政策的不当认知是最为重要的风险因素,其次来自于生猪养殖户的病死猪不当处理行为和不当的兽药施用行为。从生猪供应链生产环节外部安全风险来看,相关部门对生猪供应链生产环节安全监管不力、生猪养殖户获取安全生产信息难度较大也可能会带来相关风险。从生猪供应链生产环节系统安全风险来看,除发生自然灾害与生猪产生疫病外,生猪养殖的成本较高、生猪收购价格过低以及生猪需求量的波动也是不容忽视的风险因素。对此,文章有针对性地提出对策建议,主要包括:提高生猪养殖户的认知能力,加速生猪供应链纵向整合,加大对疾病与自然灾害的监控与预测,提高生猪产业链集中度,以减少生猪供应链生产环节的安全风险。
[Abstract]:The production link is the starting point of the pig supply chain as well as the link of high risk events. Farmers abuse veterinary drugs, feed water with contaminated feed, prevent epidemic disease, and maintain the breeding environment. Improper behaviors such as innocuous treatment of sick and dead pigs can lead to safety risk in production link of pig supply chain, which will directly lead to damage of consumption link and lead to vicious circle of whole pig supply chain. Therefore, the effective identification and measurement of the production risk of pig supply chain can not only reduce the safety risk in the production link of pig supply chain, but also improve the efficiency of risk management in pig supply chain. Through the systematic analysis of the existing literature, combined with the field investigation data of live pig farmers and large-scale farmers in Funing County, Jiangsu Province, In this paper, Bayesian network method is used to analyze the source of safety risk and its essential elements in pig supply chain. The results show that the safety risk in the production link of pig supply chain is mainly manifested in three aspects: internal security risk, external security risk and system security risk. From the point of view of the internal safety risk in the production link of the pig supply chain, the improper cognition of the production safety policy among pig farmers is the most important risk factor. Secondly, the improper handling of sick and dead pigs and the improper application of veterinary drugs came from pig farmers. From the external safety risk of pig supply chain, the safety supervision of pig supply chain is weak, and the difficulty of obtaining safe production information for pig breeders may bring related risks. From the point of view of the safety risk in the production link of pig supply chain, besides natural disasters and pig blight, the cost of pig breeding is high, the purchase price of live pig is too low and the fluctuation of pig demand is also the risk factor that can not be ignored. In this paper, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, including improving the cognitive ability of pig farmers, accelerating vertical integration of pig supply chain, increasing the monitoring and prediction of diseases and natural disasters, and improving the concentration degree of pig industry chain. In order to reduce the pig supply chain production safety risk.
【作者单位】：江南大学江苏省食品安全研究基地;江南大学商学院;苏州大学东吴商学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上项目“农业生产者安全生产政策的实验评估及其组合设计:以病死猪无害化处理为例”(批准号:71673115),“病死猪流入市场的生猪养殖户行为实验及政策研究”(批准号:71540008),“考虑农户行为偏好的农产品供应链协调机制设计研究”(批准号:71371086)
【分类号】：F326.3

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