放牧对植物群落特征和土壤微生物及酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-11-15 07:16

【摘要】：[目的]探讨放牧对羊草群落和贝加尔针茅群落的影响,为草原土壤的保护和草原自然保护区建设提供科学依据。[方法]以呼伦贝尔草甸草原为样地,采用野外调查和实验室分析相结合的方法。[结果]在放牧干扰下,以羊草为建群种的群落所受的影响比贝加尔针茅群落小,植物群落盖度、高度和Simpson指数明显高于贝加尔针茅群,物种多样性更丰富,生长情况相对更好。羊草草原土壤全氮、全磷和有机质含量高于贝加尔针茅草原土壤。各放牧区土壤微生物数量均表现为:细菌放线菌真菌;垂直分布为0—10cm10—20cm;土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶活性、全N,全P和有机质等0—10cm土层的均高于10—20cm。相关分析表明,植物群落α多样性与土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性、全N,全P和有机质等呈显著正相关。[结论]适度放牧有助于提高草甸草原羊草群落和贝加尔针茅群落α多样性、土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性。两个群落相比较,羊草群落更适合放牧。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the effects of grazing on Leymus chinensis community and Stipa baicalensis community in order to provide scientific basis for soil conservation and grassland nature reserve construction. [methods] Hulunbeir Meadow grassland was used for field investigation and laboratory analysis. [results] under the disturbance of grazing, the community of Leymus chinensis was less affected than that of Stipa baicalensis, and the plant community coverage, height and Simpson index were significantly higher than those of the Stipa baicarpa group, and the species diversity was more abundant. Growth is relatively better. The contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matter in Leymus chinensis steppe were higher than those in Bekal Needlwort Plain. The number of soil microbes in each grazing area was as follows: bacterial actinomycetes; vertical distribution was 0-10 cm ~ (-20) cm; soil urease, catalase, invertase activity, total N, total P and organic matter were higher than 10 ~ (-20) cm in 0-10cm soil layer. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between 伪 -diversity of plant community and soil microbial quantity, soil enzyme activity, total N, total P and organic matter. [conclusion] moderate grazing can improve 伪 diversity, microorganism quantity and enzyme activity of Leymus chinensis and Stipa baicalensis communities in meadow steppe. Compared with the two communities, the Leymus chinensis community is more suitable for grazing.
【作者单位】：呼伦贝尔学院生命与环境科学学院;内蒙古自治区草甸草原生态系统与全球变化重点实验室;
【基金】：农业部公益性行业项目“半干旱牧区天然打草场培育及利用技术研究与示范”(201303060)
【分类号】：S812.8

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