代谢能和粗蛋白水平对科宝肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及养分表观代谢率的影响
发布时间：2018-11-16 08:08
【摘要】：本试验旨在通过二次回归正交旋转组合设计,通过不同水平代谢能和粗蛋白组合对科宝肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能、养分表观代谢率和肠道消化酶活性以及血清生化指标的影响,确定不同阶段肉鸡饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白水平的最佳组合,为肉鸡精细营养及标准化高效养殖提供理论依据。试验采用二因子二次回归正交旋转组合设计,以代谢能和粗蛋白为两个试验因子,结合肉鸡生长性能和屠宰性能等建立回归方程,通过拟合得到其目标方程的最佳参数,并就各试验测定指标对优化值的影响进行分析。试验分为两个阶段:0-21d为第一阶段,选取1日龄,健康、体重接近的科宝肉鸡480只,随机分成12个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡,公母各半;22-42d为第二阶段,分组同第一阶段。试验饲粮为玉米-豆粕型,其中1-8组为试验组,9-12组为中心组(即零水平组),中心组设定为4个组,中心组饲粮营养水平相同,用来保持二次回归正交旋转组合的设计旋转性的稳定性。中心组饲粮水平代谢能和粗蛋白水平分别为:1-21 d:12.4 MJ/kg,21%;22-42 d:12.8 MJ/kg,20%;其它各试验组根据二次回归正交旋转组合设计参数表,设定饲粮代谢能(ME)和粗蛋白(CP)水平。试验结果表明:(1)1-21d科宝肉鸡:饲粮中适宜的代谢能和粗蛋白水平可显著改善1-21d肉仔鸡的平均日增重、料重比、胸肌率、腿肌率并降低腹脂率(P0.05),显著提高饲粮粗脂肪、粗蛋白的表观代谢率(P0.05),提高肠道胰蛋白酶活性(P0.05),提高血清中葡萄糖和白蛋白的含量(P0.05),降低甘油三酯和尿酸的含量(P0.05)。响应面图和回归分析显示,当饲粮代谢能水平为10.05~12.40MJ/kg时,随着粗蛋白水平的上升。平均日增重逐渐增大,粗蛋白水平进一步增加,对于ADG影响逐渐变小。ME:CP为11.80MJ/kg:22.85%时,平均日采食量最大;ME:CP为12.15MJ/kg:20.65%时,料重比最小为1.65;ME和CP分别在12.05~12.15MJ/kg和20.85%~21.25%时,可以获得较高的胸肌率和腿肌率,同时腹脂率较低。(2)22-42d:饲粮中适宜的代谢能和粗蛋白水平可显著改善22-42d肉仔鸡的平均日增重、料重比(P0.05),改善肉鸡胸肌、腿肌率并降低腹脂率(P0.05),显著提高对饲粮粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观代谢率(P0.05),显著提高肠道脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶的活性(P0.05),提高血清中葡萄糖、甘油三酯和尿酸的含量(P0.05)。非线性回归分析及响应面图显示,当CP在20.00%左右时,ME为10.80MJ/kg~12.80MJ/kg时,平均日增重处于较高水平,但当ME为14.21 MJ/kg~14.80 MJ/kg时,平均日增重有下降趋势;当ME和CP为12.70 MJ/kg,19.78%时,可达到最大平均日采食量;当ME和CP为12.65 MJ/kg,20.16%时,料重比最小为1.95;ME和CP分别为12.68MJ/kg和20.15%时,可获得理论上最大的胸肌率;ME和CP分别为12.75MJ/kg和20.10%时获得较好腿肌率;ME和CP为12.70MJ/kg和19.55%时,腹脂沉积率最低。综上所述,饲粮中适宜的代谢能和粗蛋白水平可以显著改善科宝肉鸡生产性能和屠宰性能,提高营养物质表观代谢率,增强肠道消化酶活性,并对血清中各生化指标起到平衡作用.在本试验条件下,不同阶段科宝肉鸡饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白水平建议为:1-21d:代谢能:12.05~12.35 MJ/kg,粗蛋白:20.85%~21.25%;22-42d:代谢能:12.68~12.95MJ/kg,粗蛋白:19.78%~20.15%。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this test is to design the performance, the slaughter performance, the apparent metabolic rate of the nutrients and the activity of the intestinal digestive enzyme and the serum biochemical indexes through the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design. the optimal combination of the metabolic energy and the crude protein level of the broiler chickens in different stages is determined, and the theoretical basis is provided for the fine nutrition of the broiler and the standardized and high-efficiency cultivation. in that experiment, a two-factor quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design is adopted, the metabolic energy and the crude protein are two test factors, a regression equation is established in combination with the growth performance and the slaughter performance of the broiler, and the optimal parameters of the target equation are obtained through fitting, and the influence of each test measurement index on the optimization value is analyzed. The experiment was divided into two stages: 0-21d was the first stage, and 480 chickens were randomly divided into 12 groups, and each group was divided into 12 groups. The experimental feed was of the maize-soybean meal type, of which 1-8 was the test group, the 9-12 group was the central group (i.e., the zero-level group), the central group was set to 4 groups, the feeding level of the central group was the same, and it was used to maintain the stability of the design and rotation of the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination. The horizontal metabolic energy and the crude protein level of the central group were: 1-21 d: 12. 4 MJ/ kg, 21%; 22-42 d: 12. 8 MJ/ kg, 20%; and the other test groups, according to the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design parameter table, set the feed grain metabolic energy (ME) and the crude protein (CP) level. The results showed that: (1) 1-21d Broilers: The appropriate metabolic energy and crude protein level in the feed can significantly improve the average daily gain, the weight ratio, the pectoral muscle rate and the leg muscle rate of the 1-21d broiler, and lower the abdominal fat rate (P0.05), and obviously improve the apparent metabolic rate of the crude protein and the crude protein (P0.05). The activity of the intestinal trypsin was increased (P0.05), and the content of glucose and albumin in the serum was increased (P0.05), and the content of triglyceride and uric acid was decreased (P0.05). The response surface map and the regression analysis show that the level of the crude protein increases with the level of the crude protein when the level of the metabolic energy of the feed is 10.05-12.40MJ/ kg. The average daily gain gradually increased, and the crude protein level further increased, and the effect on the ADG gradually decreased. ME: CP was 11.80MJ/ kg: 22.85%, the average daily feed intake was the most; the ME: CP was 12.15MJ/ kg: 20.65%, the weight ratio was 1.65, ME and CP were 12.05-12.15MJ/ kg and 20.85% -21. 25%, respectively. (2) 22-42d: The appropriate metabolic energy and crude protein level in the feed can significantly improve the average daily gain and the weight ratio of the 22-42d broiler (P0.05), improve the pectoral muscle and leg muscle rate of the broiler and lower the abdominal fat rate (P0.05), and obviously improve the apparent metabolic rate of the coarse protein and the crude fat (P0.05). The activity of the intestinal lipase and the trypsin was significantly increased (P0.05), and the content of glucose, triglyceride and uric acid in the serum was increased (P0.05). The non-linear regression analysis and response surface graph show that, when the CP is about 20. 00%, the average daily gain is at a higher level when the content of the ME is 10.80MJ/ kg-12.80MJ/ kg, but when the ME is 14.21 MJ/ kg to 14.80 MJ/ kg, the average daily gain is decreased; when the ME and the CP are 12.70 MJ/ kg and 19.78%, the maximum average daily feed intake can be achieved; When ME and CP were 12.65 MJ/ kg and 20. 16%, the weight ratio of ME and CP was 1.95, ME and CP were 12.68MJ/ kg and 20.15%, respectively. The best pectoral muscle rate was obtained when ME and CP were 12.75MJ/ kg and 20.10%, respectively. In conclusion, the appropriate metabolic energy and the crude protein level in the feed can significantly improve the production performance and the slaughter performance of the Cough Broilers, increase the apparent metabolic rate of the nutrient substances, enhance the activity of the intestinal digestive enzymes, and play a balance role in the biochemical indexes in the serum. Under the condition of this test, the dietary metabolic energy and crude protein level of the broiler chickens at different stages were as follows: 1-21d: metabolic energy: 12.05-12.35 MJ/ kg, crude protein: 20. 85%-21. 25%; 22-42d: metabolic energy: 12.68-125.95MJ/ kg, crude protein: 19.78%-20. 15%.
【学位授予单位】：广东海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5
本文编号：2334954
[Abstract]:The purpose of this test is to design the performance, the slaughter performance, the apparent metabolic rate of the nutrients and the activity of the intestinal digestive enzyme and the serum biochemical indexes through the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design. the optimal combination of the metabolic energy and the crude protein level of the broiler chickens in different stages is determined, and the theoretical basis is provided for the fine nutrition of the broiler and the standardized and high-efficiency cultivation. in that experiment, a two-factor quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design is adopted, the metabolic energy and the crude protein are two test factors, a regression equation is established in combination with the growth performance and the slaughter performance of the broiler, and the optimal parameters of the target equation are obtained through fitting, and the influence of each test measurement index on the optimization value is analyzed. The experiment was divided into two stages: 0-21d was the first stage, and 480 chickens were randomly divided into 12 groups, and each group was divided into 12 groups. The experimental feed was of the maize-soybean meal type, of which 1-8 was the test group, the 9-12 group was the central group (i.e., the zero-level group), the central group was set to 4 groups, the feeding level of the central group was the same, and it was used to maintain the stability of the design and rotation of the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination. The horizontal metabolic energy and the crude protein level of the central group were: 1-21 d: 12. 4 MJ/ kg, 21%; 22-42 d: 12. 8 MJ/ kg, 20%; and the other test groups, according to the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design parameter table, set the feed grain metabolic energy (ME) and the crude protein (CP) level. The results showed that: (1) 1-21d Broilers: The appropriate metabolic energy and crude protein level in the feed can significantly improve the average daily gain, the weight ratio, the pectoral muscle rate and the leg muscle rate of the 1-21d broiler, and lower the abdominal fat rate (P0.05), and obviously improve the apparent metabolic rate of the crude protein and the crude protein (P0.05). The activity of the intestinal trypsin was increased (P0.05), and the content of glucose and albumin in the serum was increased (P0.05), and the content of triglyceride and uric acid was decreased (P0.05). The response surface map and the regression analysis show that the level of the crude protein increases with the level of the crude protein when the level of the metabolic energy of the feed is 10.05-12.40MJ/ kg. The average daily gain gradually increased, and the crude protein level further increased, and the effect on the ADG gradually decreased. ME: CP was 11.80MJ/ kg: 22.85%, the average daily feed intake was the most; the ME: CP was 12.15MJ/ kg: 20.65%, the weight ratio was 1.65, ME and CP were 12.05-12.15MJ/ kg and 20.85% -21. 25%, respectively. (2) 22-42d: The appropriate metabolic energy and crude protein level in the feed can significantly improve the average daily gain and the weight ratio of the 22-42d broiler (P0.05), improve the pectoral muscle and leg muscle rate of the broiler and lower the abdominal fat rate (P0.05), and obviously improve the apparent metabolic rate of the coarse protein and the crude fat (P0.05). The activity of the intestinal lipase and the trypsin was significantly increased (P0.05), and the content of glucose, triglyceride and uric acid in the serum was increased (P0.05). The non-linear regression analysis and response surface graph show that, when the CP is about 20. 00%, the average daily gain is at a higher level when the content of the ME is 10.80MJ/ kg-12.80MJ/ kg, but when the ME is 14.21 MJ/ kg to 14.80 MJ/ kg, the average daily gain is decreased; when the ME and the CP are 12.70 MJ/ kg and 19.78%, the maximum average daily feed intake can be achieved; When ME and CP were 12.65 MJ/ kg and 20. 16%, the weight ratio of ME and CP was 1.95, ME and CP were 12.68MJ/ kg and 20.15%, respectively. The best pectoral muscle rate was obtained when ME and CP were 12.75MJ/ kg and 20.10%, respectively. In conclusion, the appropriate metabolic energy and the crude protein level in the feed can significantly improve the production performance and the slaughter performance of the Cough Broilers, increase the apparent metabolic rate of the nutrient substances, enhance the activity of the intestinal digestive enzymes, and play a balance role in the biochemical indexes in the serum. Under the condition of this test, the dietary metabolic energy and crude protein level of the broiler chickens at different stages were as follows: 1-21d: metabolic energy: 12.05-12.35 MJ/ kg, crude protein: 20. 85%-21. 25%; 22-42d: metabolic energy: 12.68-125.95MJ/ kg, crude protein: 19.78%-20. 15%.
【学位授予单位】：广东海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5
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