产朊假丝酵母和白地霉混合固态发酵豆渣生产反刍动物饲料的研究
发布时间：2018-11-23 10:07
【摘要】：豆渣是大豆经过加工制成豆制品或者提取蛋白后的副产物,它的含水量较大在70%以上,本试验旨豆渣为原料,通过添加麸皮为辅料调节其含水量在60%-70%左右,并以其作为固态发酵培养基(发酵原料),通过固态发酵获得一种可以被反刍动物利用的蛋白饲料。试验采用产朊假丝酵母和白地霉的双菌混合体系作为发酵菌种,研究了二者的共生情况和各自的生长特性,通过对豆渣原料的固态发酵确定了两种菌株的接菌比例和发酵原料最佳的灭菌方式,并对混合菌固态发酵体系的工艺条件进行了筛选和优化,以期获得一种低p H值、气味优良、耐贮存且适口性强的反刍动物蛋白饲料,在保留豆渣原有优良营养成分的基础上尽可能提高其营养的利用率,并对优化后的发酵产物进行了常规营养成分和瘤胃降解参数的测定。试验分为一下几部分:试验一:原料和固态培养料的营养成分测定采用试验室的常规分析方法对豆渣鲜样、麸皮和含水量为65%的固态发酵原料(添加25%麸皮调制而成)进行常规营养成分的测定,通过对其常规成分测定,对豆渣的营养组成结构和各组分的含量有了大致认识。试验结果表明,豆渣氨基酸种类丰富蛋白优质,纤维含量适中,营养成分均衡而丰富,具有很高的利用价值。能满足微生物生长所需的氮源和碳源,符合固态培养对培养基的要求。试验二:豆渣发酵工艺条件的优化以试验一调制的含水量65%的豆渣发酵原料,利用产朊假丝酵母和白地霉双菌发酵体系。通过单因素试验,以不加菌为对照组,产物活菌数为指标研究了两菌株的添加比例;以不灭菌为对照组,以发酵产物p H值为指标研究了发酵原料的最佳灭菌方式;并通过对两种菌株的生长曲线绘制研究了最佳接菌时间。通过正交试验,以培养基的活菌总数和p H值为指标,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,分别对菌液添加量(5%、10%、15%)、发酵温度(25℃、30℃、35℃)、接种量(5%、10%、15%)和含水量(60%、65%、70%)4个因素3个水平进行筛选。试验结果表明:两种菌株混合的最优比例为产朊假丝酵母:白地霉=75%:25%,接种时间为产朊假丝酵母二次活化后第5小时,白地霉为二次活化后第24小时,最佳的灭菌方式为100℃高压灭菌5分钟即可。通过正交试验筛选出固态发酵的最佳发酵条件组合为:菌液添加量为10%;发酵原料含水量为60%;发酵温度为35℃;发酵时间为72小时。试验三:对发酵后饲料营养成分以及瘤胃降解参数的评价本试验旨在通过测定发酵前后饲料的常规营养成分及瘤胃降解规律,来评定发酵后饲料的营养价值。采用试验室常规方法分析了试验在最佳条件下的发酵产物的常规营养参数,并用尼龙袋法测定了包含发酵原料在内的三种饲料的瘤胃降解规律。常规营养成分的结果显示:发酵后产物去除了不良气味;pH较低,由原来的6.34变为4.86,储存时间得到延长;质地由原来湿黏的状态变得疏松易散;且CP含量明显升高,较未发酵豆渣提高到了29.88%;NDF由38.36%变为发酵后34.57%。瘤胃降解试验表明:相较于发酵原料,发酵产物DM、NDF和CP的有效瘤胃降解率均有所提高:干物质的有效降解率由51.45%提高到了62.11%;发酵产物中性洗涤纤维的瘤胃有效降解率提高到了52.77%;粗蛋白的有效降解率达到了65.93%;且差异均显著(P0.05)。综上所述,经过混菌固态发酵后,发酵底物的微生物活菌总量、瘤胃有效降解率均有了显著的提高,发酵产物去除了发酵原料中的不良气味,保留了蛋白和粗纤维,而且pH值得到了降低。因此,通过固态发酵提高了发酵原料的适口性和营养价值,使得储存时间得到延长。为发酵豆渣在反刍动物发酵饲料的应用推广上给予了比较初步的理论参考。
[Abstract]:The bean dregs are the by-products after the soybean is processed into the bean product or the extracted protein, the water content of the bean dregs is greater than 70 percent, the test is made of the bean dregs as the raw material, the water content of the bean dregs is adjusted to be about 60-70 percent by adding the bran as the auxiliary material, and the bean dregs are used as the solid-state fermentation culture medium (fermentation raw material), A protein feed which can be used by a ruminant is obtained by solid-state fermentation. The co-occurrence of the two strains and the optimal sterilization method of the fermentation raw materials were determined by the solid-state fermentation of the raw material of the bean dregs. and the technical conditions of the mixed bacteria solid-state fermentation system are screened and optimized so as to obtain a ruminant protein feed with low p-H value, excellent odor, good storage and good palatability, and can improve the nutrient utilization rate as much as possible on the basis of retaining the original excellent nutritional components of the bean dregs, and the optimized fermentation product is determined by the conventional nutrient components and the rumen degradation parameters. The test is divided into the following parts: test one: the nutrient components of the raw material and the solid culture material are determined by the conventional analysis method of the laboratory, and the solid-state fermentation raw materials (with the addition of 25% of bran, which are added with the 25% bran modulation) of the fresh sample of the bean dregs, the bran and the water content of 65% are determined by the routine analysis method of the laboratory, The nutritional composition of the bean dregs and the content of the components were generally recognized by the determination of its conventional components. The results of the test show that the amino acid of the bean dregs is rich in protein, the fiber content is moderate, the nutrient components are balanced and rich, and the bean dregs have high utilization value. the nitrogen source and the carbon source required by the growth of the microorganism can be met, and the requirements of the solid-state culture on the culture medium are met. Experiment 2: The optimization of the conditions of the fermentation process of the bean dregs is to test the fermentation raw material of the bean dregs with the content of 65% of the water content. By single factor test, the addition ratio of the two strains was studied by the number of viable bacteria of the product as the control group and the number of viable bacteria of the product as the control group, and the optimal sterilization method of the fermentation raw material was studied by using the value of the p H of the fermentation product as the control group. and the optimal inoculation time was studied by drawing the growth curve of the two strains. The orthogonal test was used to design the total number of viable bacteria and the pH of the medium, and the addition of the bacterial liquid (5%, 10%, 15%), the fermentation temperature (25 鈩，
本文编号：2351205
[Abstract]:The bean dregs are the by-products after the soybean is processed into the bean product or the extracted protein, the water content of the bean dregs is greater than 70 percent, the test is made of the bean dregs as the raw material, the water content of the bean dregs is adjusted to be about 60-70 percent by adding the bran as the auxiliary material, and the bean dregs are used as the solid-state fermentation culture medium (fermentation raw material), A protein feed which can be used by a ruminant is obtained by solid-state fermentation. The co-occurrence of the two strains and the optimal sterilization method of the fermentation raw materials were determined by the solid-state fermentation of the raw material of the bean dregs. and the technical conditions of the mixed bacteria solid-state fermentation system are screened and optimized so as to obtain a ruminant protein feed with low p-H value, excellent odor, good storage and good palatability, and can improve the nutrient utilization rate as much as possible on the basis of retaining the original excellent nutritional components of the bean dregs, and the optimized fermentation product is determined by the conventional nutrient components and the rumen degradation parameters. The test is divided into the following parts: test one: the nutrient components of the raw material and the solid culture material are determined by the conventional analysis method of the laboratory, and the solid-state fermentation raw materials (with the addition of 25% of bran, which are added with the 25% bran modulation) of the fresh sample of the bean dregs, the bran and the water content of 65% are determined by the routine analysis method of the laboratory, The nutritional composition of the bean dregs and the content of the components were generally recognized by the determination of its conventional components. The results of the test show that the amino acid of the bean dregs is rich in protein, the fiber content is moderate, the nutrient components are balanced and rich, and the bean dregs have high utilization value. the nitrogen source and the carbon source required by the growth of the microorganism can be met, and the requirements of the solid-state culture on the culture medium are met. Experiment 2: The optimization of the conditions of the fermentation process of the bean dregs is to test the fermentation raw material of the bean dregs with the content of 65% of the water content. By single factor test, the addition ratio of the two strains was studied by the number of viable bacteria of the product as the control group and the number of viable bacteria of the product as the control group, and the optimal sterilization method of the fermentation raw material was studied by using the value of the p H of the fermentation product as the control group. and the optimal inoculation time was studied by drawing the growth curve of the two strains. The orthogonal test was used to design the total number of viable bacteria and the pH of the medium, and the addition of the bacterial liquid (5%, 10%, 15%), the fermentation temperature (25 鈩，
本文编号：2351205
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