辣木叶、梗与几种常用粗饲料常规营养成分和奶牛瘤胃降解规律的比较研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 20:34

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究辣木作为新型奶牛粗饲料与几种常用粗饲料常规营养成分的差异,并在瘤胃降解规律上进行比较,为辣木在奶牛生产上的应用提供理论依据。利用康奈尔净碳水化合物—净蛋白质体系(CNCPS)评价辣木叶、辣木梗、苜蓿、羊草和玉米青贮5种粗饲料的常规营养成分。选取3头体重600 kg左右,装有永久性瘤胃瘘管健康的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法研究5种粗饲料的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(DNF)的瘤胃降解率和有效降解率。结果表明:辣木叶的营养水平相对较高,其中蛋白和脂肪含量均显著高于苜蓿、羊草、玉米青贮和辣木梗(P0.05);辣木叶和苜蓿的饲料相对价值显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P0.05),辣木梗饲料相对价值最低,与羊草相当。苜蓿的DM降解率在各个时间点均高于辣木叶和辣木梗,24 h之后与辣木叶的DM降解率差距变小;辣木梗的DM降解率在各个时间点显著低于其他4种饲料(P0.05);苜蓿、辣木叶和玉米青贮的DM有效降解率均大于60%,极显著高于辣木梗和羊草(P0.01)。瘤胃降解12 h后,辣木叶的CP降解率快速升高,且显著高于苜蓿及辣木梗(P0.05)。辣木叶、苜蓿、玉米青贮的CP有效降解率较高,羊草和辣木梗的CP有效降解率无显著差异。辣木叶和苜蓿的NDF有效降解率显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P0.05),辣木梗的NDF含量较高但较难被瘤胃微生物利用。综上所述,基于较高的蛋白含量和良好的瘤胃降解特性,辣木叶在奶牛粗饲料应用方面具有巨大的潜力;辣木梗的饲料相对价值与羊草相当,可在奶牛生产中作为粗饲料进行应用。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this experiment was to study the difference of common nutrition components between the new type of crude feed of dairy cow and some common forage, and to compare the rule of rumen degradation, and to provide the theoretical basis for the application of spicy wood in the production of dairy cattle. (CNCPS) was used to evaluate the routine nutritional components of five kinds of forage, such as leaf, stem, alfalfa, Leymus chinensis and corn silage. Three Holstein cows with permanent rumen fistula and about 600 kg weight were selected to study (DM), crude protein (CP), of five kinds of roughage by nylon bag method. Rumen degradation rate and effective degradation rate of neutral detergent fiber (DNF). The results showed that the nutritional level of the leaves was higher than that of alfalfa, Leymus chinensis, corn silage and stem (P0.05), and the contents of protein and fat were significantly higher than those of alfalfa, Leymus chinensis, corn silage and stem (P0.05). The feed relative value of leaves and alfalfa was significantly higher than that of the other three kinds of crude feed (P0.05), and the relative value of spicy wood stem feed was the lowest, which was similar to that of Leymus chinensis. The DM degradation rate of alfalfa was higher than that of spicy wood leaf and stem at each time point, and the difference between DM degradation rate of alfalfa and hot wood leaf became smaller after 24 hours, and the DM degradation rate of alfalfa stalk was significantly lower than that of other four kinds of feed at each time point (P0.05). The effective degradation rate of DM in alfalfa, pungent leaves and corn silage was higher than 60%, which was significantly higher than that of stem and Leymus chinensis (P0.01). After 12 h of rumen degradation, the degradation rate of CP was increased rapidly, which was significantly higher than that of alfalfa and stem (P0.05). The effective degradation rate of CP in leaves, alfalfa and corn silage was higher, but there was no significant difference in CP degradation rate between Leymus chinensis and stem. The effective degradation rate of NDF in leaves and alfalfa was significantly higher than that in the other three kinds of forage (P0.05). The NDF content of Mori stem was higher but difficult to be used by rumen microorganisms. In conclusion, based on the high protein content and good rumen degradation characteristics, Mori leaves have great potential in the application of cow roughage. The relative value of Dioscorea chinensis is equal to that of Leymus chinensis, which can be used as crude feed in dairy cattle production.
【作者单位】：东北农业大学动物科学技术学院;
【基金】：资助项目:国家奶牛产业体系(CARS-37)
【分类号】：S816

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