山东省四个地方鸡种产肉性能和肉品质的比较研究

发布时间：2018-12-05 15:42

【摘要】：为了解汶上芦花鸡、莱芜黑鸡、济宁百日鸡和鲁西斗鸡的产肉性能和肉品质特点,本研究随机选取了170日龄和280日龄的相同营养和管理条件下的的4个品种的鸡各20只(公母各半),测定其产肉性能和肉品质,测定项目包括产肉性能、常规理化指标、常规营养成分、氨基酸以及肌苷酸等。结果显示:1.170日龄和280日龄鲁西斗鸡在体斜长、胸宽、胸深、龙骨长、胫长等指标上显著高于莱芜黑鸡、汶上芦花鸡和济宁百日鸡,显示其具有体型高大威猛的特点,与其善于打斗的特性相适应,而其他三个品种的体型则较小。2.170日龄和280日龄鲁西斗鸡在活重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重等多个绝对产肉性能指标上高于其他三个品种,与其体型最大的特点相一致。3.一般认为屠宰率和全净膛率是衡量鸡只产肉性能的主要指标,屠宰率在80%以上,全净膛率在60%以上,认为是产肉性能良好的标志,本试验中4个鸡种两个日龄的屠宰率均在80.0%以上,全净膛率均在60.0%以上,说明这4个品种的产肉性能较好。4.170日龄时体斜长和龙骨长与宰前体重、屠宰体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、腿重、腿肌重、胸肌重等指标呈较强的正相关(相关系数大多在0.6以上);而280日龄时,体斜长与宰前体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛呈显著正相关(P0.05),龙骨长仅和屠宰率有中等偏低程度的极显著负相关(P0.05),与其他屠宰指标相关不显著(P0.05)。5.170日龄的鲁西斗鸡公、母鸡的胸肌和公鸡的腿肌失水率和滴水损失在四个鸡种中是最高的,失水率分别为33.05%、34.30%和28.34%,滴水损失分别为4.09%、4.13%和3.75%,而四个鸡种中母鸡腿肌的失水率和滴水损失,济宁百日鸡是最高的,分别为34.53%和2.53%,且显著高于其他三个品种,四个鸡种280日龄时的失水率和滴水损失也表现出相同的规律,说明鲁西斗鸡公鸡和济宁百日鸡母鸡的持水性较差,莱芜黑鸡和汶上芦花鸡的持水性比较好。6.鸡肉的水分含量的范围一般在70%-75%,本研究中的四个鸡种的鸡肉的水分含量均在正常范围之内。肌内脂肪含量结果表明,济宁百日鸡的肌内脂肪沉积能力最强,莱芜黑鸡的肌内脂肪沉积能力最弱。7.根据FAO/WHO的模式标准,质量较好的蛋白质的氨基酸组成中,必需氨基酸比例在40%左右,本研究中170日龄的四个鸡种胸肌鸡肉的必需氨基酸比例均在40%以上,280日龄的莱芜黑鸡和汶上芦花鸡的鸡肉的必需氨基酸比例在40%以下,但都很接近40%,其余都在40%以上,说明四个鸡种的鸡肉均属于优质蛋白质来源。170日龄的四个鸡种中鲁西斗鸡胸肌和腿肌的与甜味和鲜味有关的氨基酸总含量分别是四个鸡种中最高的,而280日龄时,莱芜黑鸡的是最高的,汶上芦花鸡和济宁百日鸡的与两个风味有关的游离氨基酸含量相对偏低,总体说明170日龄的鲁西斗鸡的风味比较好,而280日龄的莱芜黑鸡的风味比较好。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the characteristics of meat production and meat quality of Wenshang Luhua chicken, Laiwu black chicken, Jining Baidi chicken and Luxi fighting chicken, In this study, 20 chickens of 4 breeds (male and female) were randomly selected under the same nutrition and management conditions of 170 days and 280 days of age, and their meat production performance and meat quality were measured, including meat production performance and routine physical and chemical indexes. Routine nutrients, amino acids and inosine. The results showed that the body length, chest width, chest depth, keel length and tibial length of 1.170 and 280 days old Luxi fighting chickens were significantly higher than those of Laiwu Black Chicken, Wenshang Luhua Chicken and Jining hundred Day Chicken. The size of the other three breeds is relatively small. 2.170 and 280 days old Luxi cocks are alive, half-bore, full-bore, breast-weight, Leg muscle weight and other absolute meat-producing performance indexes were higher than the other three varieties, consistent with the characteristics of its largest size. 3. It is generally considered that slaughter rate and total yield are the main indexes to evaluate the performance of chicken meat production. The slaughtering rate is more than 80%, and the total rate of carcass is more than 60%, which is considered to be a good indicator of meat production performance. In this experiment, the slaughter rate of the four breeds was above 80.0% and the rate of the whole bore was above 60.0%, which indicated that the four breeds had better meat yield, the body length, the keel length, the weight before slaughter and the slaughtering weight of the four breeds were better than that of the control group at the age of 4.170 days. There was a strong positive correlation (correlation coefficient was more than 0.6) between the indexes of half-bore weight, full weight, leg muscle weight, breast muscle weight and so on. At 280 days of age, there was a significant positive correlation between the oblique length of body and the weight of slaughter, the weight of slaughtering, the weight of half-bore and the whole bore (P0.05), and the keel length was significantly negatively correlated with the slaughter rate (P0.05), while the length of keel was significantly negative correlated with the slaughter rate (P0.05). There was no significant correlation with other slaughtering indexes (P0.05). The water loss rate and drip loss of breast muscle and leg muscle of female hens were the highest among the four breeds, and the water loss rates were 33.05, respectively, in the male of Luxi fighting chicken at the age of 5.170 days, and the loss of water in the leg muscle of the hen was the highest among the four breeds. 34.30% and 28.34%, the loss of dripping water was 4.094.13% and 3.75%, respectively. Among the four breeds, the water loss rate of leg muscle and drip loss of hens were the highest, 34.53% and 2.53%, respectively. The water loss rate and drip loss of four breeds at 280 days of age also showed the same rule, which indicated that the water holding capacity of Luxi cock and Jining hundred day hen was poor. Laiwu Black Chicken and Wenshang Luhua Chicken have better water holding capacity. 6. 6. The moisture content of chicken is generally in the range of 70-75. The water content of the four chicken breeds in this study is within the normal range. The results of intramuscular fat content showed that Jining 100 day chicken had the strongest intramuscular fat deposition ability, while Laiwu black chicken had the weakest intramuscular fat deposition ability. According to the model standard of FAO/WHO, the proportion of essential amino acids in the amino acid composition of the protein of good quality was about 40%, and the proportion of essential amino acids in the four chicken breeds of 170 days old was above 40%. The proportion of essential amino acids in 280-day-old Laiwu black chicken and Wenshang Luhua chicken is below 40%, but both are close to 40%, the rest are above 40%. The results showed that the chicken of four breeds belonged to the source of high quality protein. The total contents of amino acids related to sweetness and taste of pectoralis muscle and leg muscle of Luxi fighting chicken in 170 days old were the highest among the four breeds, but at 280 days old, the content of amino acids in the breast muscle and leg muscle of Luxi fighting chicken was the highest among the four breeds. The content of free amino acids related to the two flavors of Laihua chicken and Jining hundred day chicken was relatively low, indicating that the flavor of 170-day-old Luxi fighting chicken was better than that of 280-day-old Laiwu black chicken.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831

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