不同固液比例饲喂模式对断奶前后犊牛营养物质代谢及瘤胃发酵的影响

发布时间：2018-12-19 17:41

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究断奶前后犊牛在不同固液比例饲喂模式下营养物质代谢及其瘤胃发酵的异同,从而探索基于不同饲喂模式下的犊牛断奶方式。试验选用7日龄荷斯坦公犊牛36头,随机分成3组,每组12头,各组采用相同原料组成、相同营养成分的代乳粉和颗粒料。在总干物质饲喂量保持一致的情况下,改变固液饲料饲喂比例,形成3种饲喂模式组:高液体饲料比例(HL)组,28~56日龄内,颗粒料∶代乳粉保持在1∶2,56日龄断奶;对照(LS)组28~56日龄内,颗粒料∶代乳粉从1∶2逐步降低到1∶1,56日龄断奶;高固体饲料比例(HS)组,28~42日龄内,颗粒料∶代乳粉从1∶2逐步降低至1∶0,并于42日龄断奶。试验期77 d。分别于犊牛28、42、56和84日龄采集瘤胃液,35和63日龄进行断奶前后消化代谢试验。结果表明:断奶前,与HS组相比,HL、LS组犊牛总能代谢率相对较高,但差异不显著(P0.05);断奶后,HS组消化能代谢率、氮利用率及氮的生物学价值较HL组显著提高(P0.05)。与HL组相比,HS组84日龄瘤胃液微生物蛋白含量显著提高(P0.05)。3组间瘤胃液氨态氮浓度无显著差异(P0.05)。84日龄时,HS组犊牛瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丁酸比例显著高于HL组(P0.05),各组间丙酸、戊酸比例无显著差异(P0.05)。综上可得,适量增加固体饲料饲喂比例有助于改善断奶前后犊牛瘤胃发酵环境,促进瘤胃微生物蛋白的合成,提高断奶后犊牛饲粮能量代谢率、氮的生物学价值及氮利用率;采用高固体饲料饲喂模式,犊牛在42日龄固体饲料采食量达到1.0 kg/d时实施断奶具有一定优势。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this experiment was to study the differences and similarities of nutrient metabolism and rumen fermentation of calves before and after weaning under different solid liquid ratios, so as to explore the weaning mode of calves based on different feeding modes. Thirty-six Holstein male calves of 7 days old were randomly divided into 3 groups with 12 calves in each group. Under the condition of keeping the same total dry matter feed rate, three feeding modes were formed: high liquid feed ratio (HL) group, particle feed: milk substitute powder kept at 1: 2 ~ 56 days old weaning at the age of 1: 2 ~ 56 days; In the control (LS) group, the grain size decreased gradually from 1:2 to 1: 1 / 56 days of weaning at the age of 28 ~ 56 days. In the (HS) group with high solid feed ratio, the grain: milk substitute powder was gradually reduced from 1:2 to 1: 0, and weaned at 42 days of age. The trial period was 77 days. The rumen fluid was collected at the age of 28, 42, 56 and 84 days, respectively, and the digestion and metabolism tests before and after weaning were carried out at 35 and 63 days of age, respectively. The results showed that before weaning, the total energy metabolism rate of HL,LS group was higher than that of HS group, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). After weaning, the digestible energy metabolism rate, nitrogen utilization rate and biological value of nitrogen in HS group were significantly higher than those in HL group (P0.05). Compared with HL group, the microorganism protein content of rumen fluid in HS group was significantly higher than that in HL group (P0.05). There was no significant difference in rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration among three groups (P0.05). The concentration of total volatile fatty acids and the ratio of butyric acid in rumen fluid of HS group were significantly higher than those in HL group (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in propionic acid and valeric acid ratio among groups (P0.05). To sum up, increasing the proportion of solid feed can improve the rumen fermentation environment of calves before and after weaning, promote the synthesis of rumen microbial protein, improve the energy metabolism rate, biological value of nitrogen and nitrogen utilization rate of postweaning calves. Using the high solid feed feeding mode, the calves had some advantages when the feed intake of 42-day-old solid feed reached 1.0 kg/d.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院饲料研究所农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室;北京市畜牧总站;北京农学院;
【基金】：奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队国家科技支撑计划课题“华北农区及北方大城市奶牛健康养殖生产技术集成及产业化示范”(2012BAD12B06)
【分类号】：S823.5

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