施肥对羊草割草地植物群落和土壤C:N:P生态化学计量学特征的影响

发布时间：2018-12-31 14:29

【摘要】：以呼伦贝尔羊草(Leymus chinensis)草甸天然割草场为研究对象,通过设置不同种类肥料和不同施肥量处理,探讨植物群落生产力、植物群落和土壤C:N:P生态化学计量学特征,试图筛选出适合该地区草地生长的施肥种类与施肥量的最优组合。结果表明:随着施肥水平的增加,2014年群落地上生物量呈上升趋势,H3(尿素10.5 g·m~(-2)+过磷酸钙5.1 g·m~(-2))的生物量最高(505.8 g·m~(-2));2015年群落地上生物量先增加后减少,施肥水平H2(尿素7.0 g·m~(-2)+过磷酸钙3.4 g·m~(-2))生物量最高(264 g·m~(-2))。2014年和2015年不同施肥处理下植物群落C、N和P含量差异不显著。2014年不同处理间植物群落C:N差异显著,H3施肥水平的C:N(29.28)显著高于其他水平(P0.05),而2015年C:N随着施肥水平的增加而增加;与C:N变化趋势完全相反,2014年、2015年群落的C:P和N:P均随施肥水平增加而减少。2014年与2015年不同处理下土壤全C、全N和全P中,除2014年0~10 cm土层H2和H3的全N、H1的全P显著高于其他处理(P0.05),其他指标在不同处理间差异均不显著。2014年3层土壤的C:N、C:P和N:P受施肥量的影响相对较小,变化范围分别为18.31~19.42、64.06~102.51、3.38~5.19。2015年3层土壤的C:N、C:P和N:P变化范围为11.33~12.51、25.59~53.49、2.17~4.41。对比2年比值的变化,2015年C:P和N:P较2014分别下降了47.8%~59.7%和15.0%~35.8%。研究结果表明:从植物群落和土壤的化学计量比角度来看,N可能是本地区限制植物生长的一个主要因素,P处于相对平衡的状态,在未来的N、P混施管理中,需降低或不添加磷肥,适量添加N素,才能使群落呈现适中的化学计量比。
[Abstract]:The natural mowing field of (Leymus chinensis) meadow of Leymus chinensis Hulunbeier was used as the research object. The productivity of plant community, the ecochemometrics characteristics of plant community and soil C:N:P were studied by setting different kinds of fertilizers and different fertilization treatments. This paper tries to select the best combination of fertilizer types and fertilization amount suitable for grassland growth in this area. The results showed that the aboveground biomass of community increased with the increase of fertilization level in 2014. The biomass of H3 (urea 10. 5 g m ~ (-2) calcium superphosphate 5. 1 g m ~ (-2) is the highest (505.8 g m ~ (-2);). The aboveground biomass of the community increased first and then decreased in 2015, The biomass of H _ 2 (urea 7.0 g m ~ (-2) superphosphate 3.4 g m ~ (-2) was the highest (264 g m ~ (-2).) under different fertilization treatments in 2014 and 2015. There was no significant difference in N and P content between different treatments in 2014. In 2014, there was a significant difference in C: n between different treatments, and C: n (29.28) of H3 fertilization level was significantly higher than that of other levels (P0.05), while in 2015, C: n increased with the increase of fertilization level. In 2014, both C: P and N: P decreased with the increase of fertilization level. In 2014 and 2015, the total C, N and total P of soil under different treatments, except 2014 0 ~ 10 cm soil layer H _ 2 and H _ 3, were all decreased. The total P of H1 was significantly higher than that of other treatments (P0.05), and there was no significant difference in other indexes among different treatments. The range of variation ranges of C: n: C: P and N: P in the three layers of soil were 18.31 ~ 19.42 ~ 64.06 ~ 3.38 ~ 5.19. 2015, respectively, and the range of C: n ~ (2 +) and N _ (1) P were 11.33 ~ 12.51 ~ 25.59 ~ 53.42.17 ~ 4.41, respectively. Compared with the change of 2-year ratio, in 2015, C: P and N: P were 47.8% and 15.0% lower than 2014, respectively. The results showed that from the point of view of stoichiometric ratio of plant community to soil, N may be one of the main factors restricting the growth of plants in this area. It is necessary to reduce or not add phosphorus fertilizer and appropriate amount of N to make the community present a moderate stoichiometric ratio.
【作者单位】：内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;内蒙古农业大学理学院;
【基金】：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(2013060) 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500603)
【分类号】：S812

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