内蒙古典型草原区人工草地牧草补水关键期的研究
发布时间：2019-01-08 08:09
【摘要】：试验对内蒙古锡林浩特市典型草原区人工草地进行了为期两年的观测取样(2013-2014年),就各灌水处理下的土壤含水量变化、植株生长情况及牧草生物产量进行了调查研究。通过对各项生长指标的综合分析,最终确定各类牧草的最佳灌水次数与补水时期,以期为确定节水型优化灌溉制度,提高牧草高产的经济效益提供科学依据。得出以下结论：1、现蕾期(5-6月)地表蒸发较快且水分丢失迅速,需进行灌水,且灌水主要影响浅层土壤的水分波动；花期(7月)降雨增多水分蒸发减少,土壤含水量可维持在一定水平,灌水并不能起到关键性作用；结实期(8月)深层土壤能够保持较高湿度,此时牧草产量开始减少,灌水意义不大。2、整个试验阶段(5月-8月)盛花期时(7月末)所有灌水处理、所有牧草品种的生物产量均达到最大值,之后灌水对当年产量增加并无显著作用。3、无芒雀麦与冰草,生长季早期(5-6月)进行灌水是维持植株较大生长的关键时期,有利于形成牧草的高产稳产。此阶段补水一次,植物利用率较大,生产效益最佳,可以有效节水灌溉与节约成本。灌水量为52.5mm(35方／亩)。4、紫花苜蓿,由于其低水效高耗水的特点,只有在水分充足时才可获得高产,因此整个生长季应推行3-4次的灌溉制度,以保证苜蓿的供水充足与稳定生长。5、垂穗披碱草,增加灌水次数并不能显著提高牧草产量,为节约成本,可对其采取雨养(不进行任何灌水)处理,也能够达到相同的生产效益。
[Abstract]:Two years observation sampling (2013-2014) of artificial grassland in typical grassland area of Xilinhaote, Inner Mongolia was carried out. The changes of soil water content, plant growth and forage biomass under various irrigation treatments were investigated. Based on the comprehensive analysis of various growth indexes, the optimal irrigation times and water supplementation periods of all kinds of forage were determined in order to provide a scientific basis for determining the optimal irrigation system of water-saving type and improving the economic benefit of high yield of forage grass. The conclusions are as follows: 1. Surface evaporation and water loss are fast in budding stage (May-June), so irrigation is needed, and irrigation mainly affects water fluctuation in shallow soil. In the flowering period (July), rainfall increased and water evaporation decreased, soil water content could be maintained at a certain level, irrigation could not play a key role. During the fruiting period (August), the deep soil was able to keep high humidity, and the forage yield began to decrease, and the irrigation was of little significance. All the irrigation treatments were used in the whole experiment stage (May-August) at the flowering stage (late July). The biological yield of all forage varieties reached the maximum value, but irrigation had no significant effect on the yield increase in the current year. 3. The key period of maintaining larger plant growth was irrigation in the early growing season (May to June). It is propitious to form a high and stable yield of forage. In this stage, the utilization ratio of plants is large and the production benefit is the best, which can save water effectively and save the cost. The irrigation amount is 52.5mm (35 square / mu). 4, alfalfa, because of its low water efficiency and high water consumption, the high yield can be obtained only when the water is sufficient, so the irrigation system should be carried out 3-4 times in the whole growing season. In order to ensure the sufficient and stable growth of alfalfa water supply. 5. The increase of irrigation times can not significantly increase the yield of forage grass. In order to save the cost, it can be treated with rain (without any irrigation). Can also achieve the same production efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812.4
本文编号：2404334
[Abstract]:Two years observation sampling (2013-2014) of artificial grassland in typical grassland area of Xilinhaote, Inner Mongolia was carried out. The changes of soil water content, plant growth and forage biomass under various irrigation treatments were investigated. Based on the comprehensive analysis of various growth indexes, the optimal irrigation times and water supplementation periods of all kinds of forage were determined in order to provide a scientific basis for determining the optimal irrigation system of water-saving type and improving the economic benefit of high yield of forage grass. The conclusions are as follows: 1. Surface evaporation and water loss are fast in budding stage (May-June), so irrigation is needed, and irrigation mainly affects water fluctuation in shallow soil. In the flowering period (July), rainfall increased and water evaporation decreased, soil water content could be maintained at a certain level, irrigation could not play a key role. During the fruiting period (August), the deep soil was able to keep high humidity, and the forage yield began to decrease, and the irrigation was of little significance. All the irrigation treatments were used in the whole experiment stage (May-August) at the flowering stage (late July). The biological yield of all forage varieties reached the maximum value, but irrigation had no significant effect on the yield increase in the current year. 3. The key period of maintaining larger plant growth was irrigation in the early growing season (May to June). It is propitious to form a high and stable yield of forage. In this stage, the utilization ratio of plants is large and the production benefit is the best, which can save water effectively and save the cost. The irrigation amount is 52.5mm (35 square / mu). 4, alfalfa, because of its low water efficiency and high water consumption, the high yield can be obtained only when the water is sufficient, so the irrigation system should be carried out 3-4 times in the whole growing season. In order to ensure the sufficient and stable growth of alfalfa water supply. 5. The increase of irrigation times can not significantly increase the yield of forage grass. In order to save the cost, it can be treated with rain (without any irrigation). Can also achieve the same production efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812.4
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