吉林省部分猪场霉菌毒素的危害及防治调查
发布时间：2019-01-12 13:10
【摘要】：霉菌毒素(Mycotoxins)是霉菌的二级代谢产物,多数是由曲霉菌属(aspergillus)、青霉菌属(penicillium)和镰刀菌属(fusarium)的霉菌代谢所产生。霉菌毒素产生于谷物和饲草收获的前后。由于霉菌毒素间的毒性效果和协同作用,其对人类和动物是有非常有害的。在动物中,霉菌毒素的毒性会导致动物的采食量下降,生长、生产受阻。更严重的是,霉菌毒素在畜产品(肉、奶、下水)中的残留还会对作为其食用者的人类的身体健康产生很严重的负面影响。国际相关组织对饲料及乳制品中霉菌毒素的可允许最大检出量作出了标准。霉菌毒素的危害作用可以通过对植物相关产品中霉菌污染程度级别进行检测、对粮食等的收获和存贮方法优化、对作物的栽培方法进行改进、对已污染的饲料及原料稀释、使用霉菌毒素吸附剂及脱霉剂等措施得到控制或者减轻。作者经历某一猪场实际发生的霉菌毒素中毒,亲身感受到其危害作用的严重性,以此展开讨论霉菌毒素的基本情况、目前研究的进展、对畜牧业尤其是养猪业的危害。同时在养殖场做两组试验,证明霉菌毒素导致猪的采食量降低、生长速度减缓、饲料效率降低,证明积极主动的采取挽救措施可以降低霉菌毒素对养猪业的负面影响。通过试验,提高养猪从业者对霉菌毒素危害的认识,鼓励从业者积极主动的对霉菌毒素采取防控措施。以上试验表明,饲喂霉变玉米的生长育肥猪(20-40KG)同饲喂正常饲料的对照组比较,30天内采食量低6.73KG,少增重6.86KG,饲料效率低0.51。饲喂霉变玉米的生长育肥猪(20-40KG)比饲喂正常饲料的在30天内采食量少10.18kg,生长速度少增重8.15kg,饲料效率低0.51。在霉变的饲料中添加脱霉剂,同不添加脱霉剂的饲料相比,采食量高出4.71kg,多增重5.02kg,饲料效率高出0.45。添加脱霉剂的霉变饲料同添加脱霉剂的正常饲料相比,在30天内采食量少4.3kg,少增重3.14kg,饲料效率低出0.11。证明了霉菌毒素导致猪的采食量降低、生长速度减缓、饲料效率降低,证明积极主动的采取挽救措施可以降低霉菌毒素对养猪业的负面影响。
[Abstract]:Mycotoxin (Mycotoxins) is a secondary metabolite of fungi, most of which are produced by the metabolism of (aspergillus), Penicillium (penicillium) and Fusarium (fusarium). Mycotoxins are produced before and after grain and forage harvesting. Mycotoxins are harmful to humans and animals because of their toxic and synergistic effects. In animals, the toxicity of mycotoxins can lead to a decrease in animal intake, growth and production hindrance. More seriously, the residue of mycotoxins in animal products (meat, milk, water) can also have a serious negative impact on the health of humans as their eaters. International organizations have established standards for maximum allowable detection of mycotoxins in feed and dairy products. The harmful effects of mycotoxins can be determined by detecting the degree of mold contamination in plant related products, optimizing the harvest and storage methods of grain, improving the cultivation methods of crops, and diluting contaminated fodder and raw materials. The use of mycotoxin adsorbents and demoulding agents is controlled or mitigated. The author experienced the mycotoxin poisoning in a pig farm and felt the seriousness of its harmful effect, and discussed the basic situation of mycotoxin. The current research progress, especially the harm to the animal husbandry, especially to the pig industry. At the same time, two groups of experiments were carried out in the farm, which proved that mycotoxin could reduce the feed intake, slow down the growth rate and decrease the feed efficiency of pigs. It was proved that taking active measures to save mycotoxins could reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins on pig industry. In order to improve the awareness of mycotoxins in pig farmers and encourage them to take active measures to prevent and control mycotoxins. The results showed that the feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency of the growth and fattening pigs (20-40KG) fed mildew corn were 6.73 kg / g and 6.86 kg / g, respectively, and the feed efficiency was 0.51% lower than that of the control group. The growth and fattening pigs (20-40KG) fed mildew corn had less feed intake (10.18kg), less growth rate (8.15kg) and less feed efficiency (0.51kg) than those fed normal diet in 30 days. The feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency were 4.71 kg, 5.02 kg and 0.45 kg, respectively. The mildew feed added with demoulding agent was 4.3kg less than that of the normal diet added demold agent, and the feed efficiency was 0.11kg lower than that of the normal diet with less weight gain and feed intake within 30 days. It is proved that mycotoxins can reduce the feed intake, slow down the growth rate and decrease the feed efficiency of pigs. It is proved that taking active measures to save mycotoxins can reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins on pig industry.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S858.28
本文编号：2407815
[Abstract]:Mycotoxin (Mycotoxins) is a secondary metabolite of fungi, most of which are produced by the metabolism of (aspergillus), Penicillium (penicillium) and Fusarium (fusarium). Mycotoxins are produced before and after grain and forage harvesting. Mycotoxins are harmful to humans and animals because of their toxic and synergistic effects. In animals, the toxicity of mycotoxins can lead to a decrease in animal intake, growth and production hindrance. More seriously, the residue of mycotoxins in animal products (meat, milk, water) can also have a serious negative impact on the health of humans as their eaters. International organizations have established standards for maximum allowable detection of mycotoxins in feed and dairy products. The harmful effects of mycotoxins can be determined by detecting the degree of mold contamination in plant related products, optimizing the harvest and storage methods of grain, improving the cultivation methods of crops, and diluting contaminated fodder and raw materials. The use of mycotoxin adsorbents and demoulding agents is controlled or mitigated. The author experienced the mycotoxin poisoning in a pig farm and felt the seriousness of its harmful effect, and discussed the basic situation of mycotoxin. The current research progress, especially the harm to the animal husbandry, especially to the pig industry. At the same time, two groups of experiments were carried out in the farm, which proved that mycotoxin could reduce the feed intake, slow down the growth rate and decrease the feed efficiency of pigs. It was proved that taking active measures to save mycotoxins could reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins on pig industry. In order to improve the awareness of mycotoxins in pig farmers and encourage them to take active measures to prevent and control mycotoxins. The results showed that the feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency of the growth and fattening pigs (20-40KG) fed mildew corn were 6.73 kg / g and 6.86 kg / g, respectively, and the feed efficiency was 0.51% lower than that of the control group. The growth and fattening pigs (20-40KG) fed mildew corn had less feed intake (10.18kg), less growth rate (8.15kg) and less feed efficiency (0.51kg) than those fed normal diet in 30 days. The feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency were 4.71 kg, 5.02 kg and 0.45 kg, respectively. The mildew feed added with demoulding agent was 4.3kg less than that of the normal diet added demold agent, and the feed efficiency was 0.11kg lower than that of the normal diet with less weight gain and feed intake within 30 days. It is proved that mycotoxins can reduce the feed intake, slow down the growth rate and decrease the feed efficiency of pigs. It is proved that taking active measures to save mycotoxins can reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins on pig industry.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S858.28
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相关期刊论文 前4条
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，本文编号：2407815
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