澳洲茶油树精油对猪生产性能及免疫功能的影响研究

发布时间：2019-01-23 20:57

【摘要】：为了提高植物提取物在生猪健康养殖中的运用价值,开展植物提取物在促进生猪生长繁殖、防治猪疫病中的运用具有重要意义。本实验主要研究澳洲茶油树精油对猪生产性能及免疫功能的影响,为开展澳洲茶油树精油在生猪健康养殖中的应用提供基础。试验一:以200头个体重约16kg的健康杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪分为2组,分别为澳洲茶油树精油试验组、不饲喂提取物的对照组;全程饲养120 d,记录猪的发病死亡、采食量、称重等数据;测定两组猪日增重、料肉比的情况,并通过屠宰测定获得猪屠宰性能,检测猪肌肉氨基酸、脂肪酸的组成情况。试验结果表明:1、澳洲茶油树精油能够明显提高猪的日增重和出栏重。在饲喂澳洲茶油树精油30 d、60 d、90 d、120 d后日增重分别比对照组提高了0.05 kg、0.14 kg、0.05 kg、0.07kg;出栏重比对照组提高了9.06 kg(统计学P值0.01,差异极显著)。2、澳洲茶油树精油能够提高猪饲料转化率,降低料肉比。在31-60 d、61-90 d、91-120 d这三个阶段比对照组分别低了0.01、0.06、0.02。3、澳洲茶油树精油能够提高猪屠宰性能。能够提高猪出栏重、酮体重、眼肌面积、屠宰率、瘦肉率和肝脏重;降低猪背膘厚、后腿比率、十二指肠壁厚;能够提高猪肌肉的肉质和肉色。4、饲喂澳洲茶油树精油能够提高猪肌肉中总蛋白含量、18种氨基酸总量、8种人体必需氨基酸总量;也能够增加猪肌肉中组氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸的含量。5、饲喂澳洲茶油树精油能够提高猪肌肉不饱和脂肪酸的总量,尤其是能够提高硬脂酸、二十碳一烯酸这两种不饱和脂肪酸的含量。试验二:以20头个体重约16kg的健康杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪作为研究对象进行分为2组,分别为澳洲茶油树精油组、对照组;在猪饲喂30 d、60 d、90 d、120 d采血分离血清和淋巴细胞,检测血清溶菌酶、免疫球蛋白IgG和淋巴细胞中CD4+/CD8+比值。试验结果表明:1、澳洲茶油树精油能够明显提高猪血清溶菌酶的表达量。饲喂澳洲茶油树精油30 d、60 d、90 d、120 d后猪血清溶菌酶含量分别比对照组提高了4.43 U/mL(P0.05,差异显著)、6.00 U/mL(P0.01,差异极显著)、9.95 U/mL(P0.01,差异极显著)、11.01 U/mL(P0.01,差异极显著)。2、澳洲茶油树精油能够明显提高猪IgG的含量。饲喂澳洲茶油树精油30 d、60 d、90 d、120 d后猪血清IgG含量分别比对照组提高了2.78 mg/mL(P0.05,无统计学差异)、3.04 mg/mL(P0.05,差异显著)、8.38 mg/mL(P0.01,差异极显著)、9.50 mg/mL(P0.01,差异极显著)。3、澳洲茶油树精油能够明显提高猪血液CD4+/CD8+比值。饲喂澳洲茶油树精油30 d、60 d、90 d、120 d后猪血液CD4+/CD8+比值分别比对照组提高了0.02(P0.05,无统计学差异)、0.08(P0.01,差异极显著)、0.15(P0.01,差异极显著)、0.15(P0.01,差异极显著)。结论:澳洲茶油树精油能够明显提高猪的生产性能,提高日增重、出栏重,降低料肉比,提高屠宰率、瘦肉率,并能够提高猪肌肉必需氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸的总量。该提取物能够提高猪的溶菌酶、IgG的水平和增加CD4+/CD8+比值,具有提高猪免疫功能的作用。因此,澳洲茶油树精油在生猪养殖中具有很好的前景。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the application value of the plant extract in the healthy culture of live pigs, the application of the plant extract in promoting the growth and reproduction of the live pigs and the prevention and control of the pig's disease is of great significance. The experiment mainly studies the effect of the oil tree essential oil on the production performance and the immune function of the pig, and provides the basis for the application of the tea oil tree essential oil in the healthy culture of the live pigs. The results showed that the two groups were divided into 2 groups with 200-head healthy Du-ping-long three-way hybrid piglets with a body weight of about 16kg, which were the test group of the tea oil tree and the control group, which were not fed with the extract. The whole process was raised for 120d, and the data of the morbidity and death, the feed intake and the weighing of the pigs were recorded. The weight gain and the ratio of meat to meat of the two groups were measured, and the slaughter performance of the pigs was obtained by the slaughter measurement, and the composition of the amino acid and the fatty acid of the pig muscle was detected. The results of the test show that the essential oil of the tea oil can obviously improve the daily gain and the weight of the pig. The weight gain of the essential oil of the tea-oil tree was increased by 0. 05 kg, 0. 14 kg, 0. 05 kg, 0. 07kg, respectively, and the weight gain was increased by 9.06 kg in the control group (P <0.01, the difference was very significant). The tea oil tree essential oil can improve the conversion rate of the pig feed and lower the feed-to-meat ratio. The three stages of 31-60d, 61-90d, 91-120d were lower than that of the control group. can improve the weight of the pig, the weight of the ketone, the area of the eye muscle, the dressing rate, the lean meat rate and the liver weight, reduce the thickness of the back of the pig, the ratio of the back leg and the thickness of the duodenal wall, and can improve the meat quality and the meat color of the pig muscle. The tea oil tree essential oil can improve the total protein content of the pig muscle, the total amount of the 18 kinds of amino acids, the total amount of essential amino acids of the eight human bodies, and the content of the histidine, the lysine and the phenylalanine in the pig muscle can be increased, The tea oil tree essential oil can improve the total amount of the unsaturated fatty acid of the pig muscle, and in particular can improve the content of the two unsaturated fatty acids of the stearic acid and the eicosapentaenoic acid. Test 2: The two groups were divided into 2 groups as the study object with 20 heads of healthy Du-ping-long three-way hybrid piglets with a body weight of about 16kg, which were the essential oil group and the control group of the tea-oil tree in Australia. The serum and the lymphocytes were collected from the pigs fed with 30 days, 60 days, 90 days and 120 days, and the serum lysozyme was detected. The ratio of CD4 +/ CD8 + in immunoglobulin IgG and lymphocytes. The results of the test show that the essential oil of the tea oil can obviously improve the expression of the serum lysozyme in the pig. The contents of the serum lysozyme in the pigs were increased by 4.43 U/ mL (P0.05), 6.00 U/ mL (P0.01, the difference was significant), 9.95 U/ mL (P0.01, the difference was significant), and 11.01 U/ mL (P0.01, the difference was significant). The tea oil tree essential oil can obviously improve the content of the pig IgG. The serum IgG contents in the pigs were increased by 2.78 mg/ mL (P <0.05, no statistical difference), 3.04 mg/ mL (P0.05) and 8.38 mg/ mL (P 0.01, the difference was significant), and 9.50 mg/ mL (P 0.01, the difference was significant). The camellia oil tree essential oil can obviously improve the CD4 +/ CD8 + ratio of the pig blood. The results showed that the ratio of CD4 +/ CD8 + in the pig blood was 0.02 (P0.05, no statistical difference), 0.08 (P0.01, the difference was significant), 0.15 (P0.01, the difference was significant), and 0.15 (P0.01, the difference was significant). Conclusion: The tea oil tree essential oil can obviously improve the production performance of the pig, improve the daily gain, the weight of the column, lower the ratio of the feed and meat, improve the slaughter rate and the lean meat rate, and can improve the total amount of the essential amino acid and the unsaturated fatty acid of the pig muscle. The extract can improve the level of lysozyme and IgG of the pig and increase the ratio of CD4 +/ CD8 +, and has the effect of improving the immune function of the pig. Therefore, the tea oil tree essential oil has good prospect in live pig breeding.
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S828.5

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