肠道微生物-上皮细胞屏障互作的研究进展

发布时间：2019-02-19 12:52

【摘要】：肠道上皮细胞(intestinal epithelial cells,IECs)是动物机体抵御病原微生物的第一道防线,是黏膜机械屏障、免疫屏障和化学屏障的重要组成部分,具有吸收和屏障双层功能。肠道中微生物数量庞大、种类繁多,根据其与宿主的关系,主要分为共生菌、条件致病菌和病原菌3类,在肠道屏障的构建中发挥重要作用。IECs首先通过直接或间接方式对肠道微生物进行识别,区别自身与非自身,对自身物质(即共生菌)免疫耐受,对非自身物质(即病原菌)产生特异性免疫反应。IECs与肠道共生菌共同抵御肠道病原微生物,维持肠道健康,病原微生物侵入肠道,IECs主要通过胞外分泌物和细胞表面黏液层双重屏障发挥作用,其中胞外分泌物主要包括黏蛋白、抗菌分子和抗微生物免疫球蛋白。肠道共生菌可以通过竞争识别位点,分泌抗菌物质,增加黏液分泌,诱导IECs更新、增殖和修复等方式抵御病原微生物,维护正常的肠黏膜屏障功能。在IECs抵御肠道病原微生物入侵过程中,病原微生物通过自身运动、分泌毒素和酶等破坏肠上皮屏障,直接接触IECs,对其进行损伤。因此IECs和肠道菌群间相互作用,共同维持肠道内环境稳态。作者就IECs和肠道微生物结构、功能的适应性变化作一综述,以期阐述肠道微生物-上皮细胞屏障互作的机制。
[Abstract]:Intestinal epithelial cell (intestinal epithelial cells,IECs) is the first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms in animal body. It is an important part of mucosal mechanical barrier, immune barrier and chemical barrier. According to the relationship between microorganism and its host, it is mainly divided into symbiotic bacteria, conditional pathogens and pathogenic bacteria. IECs first recognizes intestinal microbes directly or indirectly, differentiates between self and non-self, and tolerates their own substances (symbiotic bacteria), which play an important role in the construction of intestinal barrier. IECs and intestinal symbiotic bacteria resist intestinal pathogenic microorganisms, maintain intestinal health, and pathogenic microorganisms invade the intestine. IECs acts mainly through the double barrier of extracellular secretion and mucus layer on cell surface, in which extracellular secretion mainly includes mucin, antimicrobial molecules and antimicrobial immunoglobulin. Intestinal symbiotic bacteria can resist pathogenic microorganisms by competitive identification sites, secrete antimicrobial substances, increase mucus secretion, induce IECs renewal, proliferation and repair, and maintain normal intestinal mucosal barrier function. In the process of IECs resisting the invasion of intestinal pathogenic microorganisms, pathogenic microorganisms destroy the intestinal epithelial barrier by self-movement, secreting toxins and enzymes, and directly contact with IECs, to damage them. Therefore, IECs and intestinal flora interact to maintain the homeostasis of intestinal environment. This paper reviews the adaptive changes of the structure and function of IECs and intestinal microbes in order to elucidate the mechanism of the interaction between intestinal microbes and epithelial cell barrier.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学动物医学院;中国牧工商集团总公司;
【基金】：国家“863”高技术研究发展计划(2013AA102306) 国家自然科学基金(31272483、31372332、31572476) 北京市自然科学基金(6172022)
【分类号】：S852.4

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