猪瘟病毒的遗传多样性与进化

发布时间：2019-02-22 08:30

【摘要】：猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus,CSFV)引起的一种严重危害全球养猪业的烈性传染病,是被OIE列为必须通报的动物疫病之一。基于病毒基因组片段核苷酸序列的系统进化分析,将猪瘟病毒分为3个基因型(基因1~3型)和11个基因亚型(1.1~1.4、2.1~2.3和3.1~3.4)。不同基因型或基因亚型病毒株的流行与进化受到了时空、宿主动物和猪瘟防控策略的制约。欧洲流行的猪瘟病毒株从20世纪70年代由基因1型转变为基因2型,其中该地区野猪群中流行的毒株属于基因2.2和2.3亚型,拉丁美洲国家流行的猪瘟病毒株一直为基因1型,韩国和我国台湾流行的毒株在20世纪末由基因3型转换为基因2.1亚型。随着鉴定的基因2.1亚型毒株的增加,该亚型可进一步划分为3个亚亚型(2.1a~2.1c),这3个亚亚型的毒株在我国都有流行,其中2.1b是我国流行的优势毒株。研究表现突变是促进猪瘟病毒进化的主要动力,同时,同源重组和准种在猪瘟病毒进化过程中也扮演了一定角色。综上所述,对猪瘟病毒流行毒株进行遗传与进化分析可以追踪病毒的来源和掌握该病毒的流行现状以及进化规律,为有效防控猪瘟的发生与流行提供理论指导。
[Abstract]:Classical swine fever (CSF) is a severe infectious disease caused by swine fever virus (classical swine fever virus,CSFV) and it is one of the animal diseases that must be reported by OIE. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of viral genome fragments, CSFV was divided into three genotypes (genotype 1, 3) and 11 subtypes (1. 1, 1. 4, 2. 1, 2. 3 and 3. 1 3. 4). The epidemic and evolution of different genotypes or gene subtypes of virus strains are restricted by space-time, host animals and CSFV control strategies. The prevalent swine fever virus strain in Europe changed from gene 1 to gene 2 in the 1970s, in which the prevalent strains in wild boar populations in the region belonged to subtypes 2.2 and 2.3, respectively. The prevalent strains of CSFV in Latin America have always been genotype 1, and those in Korea and Taiwan were transformed from gene 3 to subtype 2.1 at the end of the 20th century. With the increase of the identified subtype 2. 1 subtype, the subtype can be further divided into three Yaya type (2.1a~2.1c). The three Yaya type strains are prevalent in China, among which 2.1 b is the dominant strain in China. Phenotypic mutation is the main driving force to promote the evolution of CSFV, and homologous recombination and quasispecies also play a role in the evolution of CSFV. To sum up, genetic and evolutionary analysis of classical swine fever virus strains can trace the source of the virus, grasp the current situation and evolution of the virus, and provide theoretical guidance for the effective prevention and control of swine fever.
【作者单位】：军事医学科学院军事兽医研究所;美国堪萨斯州立大学兽医学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31130052,31572528) 中国博士后科学基金项目(2013M532129)
【分类号】：S852.651

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