桑叶黄酮和热带假丝对犊牛生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清指标的影响
发布时间：2019-04-10 11:27
【摘要】：试验一:桑叶黄酮与热带假丝酵母菌对断奶前后犊牛生长发育和营养物质消化率的影响本试验旨在研究桑叶黄酮和热带假丝酵母菌及其混合物对犊牛体重、体尺指数和营养物质消化率的影响。试验选取20日龄、48头荷斯坦公犊牛,根据日龄和体重随机分为4个处理组。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础日粮,其它3组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加桑叶黄酮(MLF组),热带假丝酵母菌(CT组),桑叶黄酮和热带假丝酵母混合物(CG组)。结果显示:1)CG组的体长显著高于CON组和CT组(P0.05),MLF组显著提高了犊牛42、56、80日龄的体长指数(P0.05),CT组显著提高了犊牛56日龄体长指数(P0.05)。2)56日龄时,MLF组、CT组和CG组的犊牛体重均显著高于CON组(P0.05);80日龄时,MLF组和CG组的体重显著高于CON组与CT组(P0.05)。3)断奶前,CT组的NDF表观消化率显著高于其它三组(P0.05);断奶后,MLF、CT、CG三组EE的表观消化率显著高于CON组(P0.05)。试验二:桑叶黄酮对断奶应激犊牛血清激素和细胞因子的影响试验选取24头20日龄初生荷斯坦公犊牛,根据日龄和体重随机分为2个处理组,每个处理12头牛,分为对照组(CON组)和桑叶黄酮(MLF组)。结果显示:1)在基础日粮中添加桑叶黄酮可以提高血清激素水平,56日龄时,MLF组的GH、INS、IGF-1显著高于CON组(P0.05)。2)56日龄时,MLF组显著提高了IL-4含量并降低了IL-6、INF-γ、TNF-ɑ细胞因子的含量(P0.05)。试验三:桑叶黄酮与热带假丝酵母菌对断奶应后犊牛屠宰性能、组织器官和肉品质的影响试验选取20头20日龄初生荷斯坦公犊牛,根据日龄和体重随机分为4个处理组,分别为对照组(CON组)、桑叶黄酮(MLF组),热带假丝酵母菌(CT组),桑叶黄酮和热带假丝酵母混合物(CG组),每个处理5头牛,在试验结束即80日龄时进行屠宰。结果显示:1)MLF组和CT组显著提高了犊牛的宰前活重和胴体重(P0.05),MLF组的眼肌面积显著高于CON组(P0.05)。2)与CON组相比,CG组显著提高了熟肉率(P0.05),MLF组和CG组显著提高了pH值,提升幅度分别为5.28%和4.55%(P0.05),pH变化均在正常范围内。3)与CON组相比,三个添加组的皮+毛重量均显著增加(P0.05),MLF组和CT组显著增加了心脏重量(P0.05),CG组显著增加了肝脏重量(P0.05);MLF组和CG组显著增加了脾脏和肺脏重量(P0.05),并显著提高了脾脏所占宰前活重比例(P0.05)。4)与CON组相比,MLF组、CT组和CG组显著提高了犊牛的全胃重量、瘤胃重量、瘤胃占宰前活重比例(P0.05),CG组显著提高了瘤胃占全胃总重的比例、瓣胃重量和大肠重量(P0.05),CG组皱胃占全胃比例显著低于其他三组(P0.05)。综上所述,在幼龄犊牛日粮中添加桑叶黄酮和热带假丝酵母菌显著提高了犊牛EE、NDF和ADF的表观消化率,促进了胃肠道和组织器官的发育,进而提高了犊牛的生产性能和肉品质;桑叶黄酮可以减缓断奶应激和提高免疫,其中桑叶黄酮和热带假丝酵母菌具有协同作用,混合添加优于单独添加。
[Abstract]:Experiment 1: effects of mulberry flavones and Candida tropicalis on growth, development and nutrient digestibility of calves before and after weaning. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of mulberry flavones and Candida tropicalis and their mixture on calf weight. Effects of body scale index and nutrient digestibility. Forty-eight Holstein calves aged 20 days were randomly divided into 4 groups according to their age and weight. The control group (CON group) was fed with basal diet. The other three groups were supplemented with mulberry leaf flavones (MLF group), Candida tropicalis (CT group), mulberry flavones and Candida tropicalis mixture (CG group) on the basis of basal diet. The results showed that: 1) the body length of CG group was significantly higher than that of CON group and CT group (P0.05), and the body length index of calves aged 42, 56, 80 days was significantly increased in), MLF group (P0.05). At the age of 56 days, the weight of calves in MLF group, CT group and CG group was significantly higher than that in CON group (P0.05). (2) at the age of 56 days, the body weight of calves in CT group was significantly higher than that in CON group (P0.05). At 80 days old, the body weight of MLF group and CG group was significantly higher than that of CON group and CT group (P0.05). 3) before weaning, the apparent digestibility of NDF in CT group was significantly higher than that in other three groups (P0.05). After weaning, the apparent digestibility of EE in MLF,CT,CG group was significantly higher than that in CON group (P0.05). Experiment 2: effects of flavonoids from mulberry leaves on serum hormones and cytokines in weaning stressed calves 24 Holstein calves born at 20 days of age were randomly divided into two groups according to their age and body weight, each of which was 12 cows. They were divided into two groups: control group (CON group) and mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLF group). The results showed that: 1) the level of serum hormone was increased by adding flavonoids from mulberry leaves in basal diet. At the age of 56 days, the GH,INS,IGF-1 of MLF group was significantly higher than that of CON group (P0.05). 2) at the age of 56 days, the level of serum hormone was higher than that of CON group. MLF group significantly increased the content of IL-4 and decreased the content of IL-6,INF- 纬 and TNF- cytokines (P0.05). Experiment 3: the effects of flavonoids from mulberry leaves and Candida tropicalis on slaughtering performance, tissue, organ and meat quality of weaned calves were studied. Twenty Holstein calves of 20 days old were randomly divided into 4 groups according to their age and body weight. Control group (CON group), mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLF group), Candida tropicalis (CT group), mulberry flavones and Candida tropicalis mixture (CG group) were slaughtered at the end of the experiment, that is, 80 days old. The results showed that: 1) MLF group and CT group significantly increased the premortem live weight and carcass weight of calves (P0.05) the eye muscle area of), MLF group was significantly higher than that of CON group (P0.05). 2) compared with CON group, CG group significantly increased the percentage of cooked meat (P0.05). MLF group and CG group significantly increased the pH value by 5.28% and 4.55% respectively (P0.05), pH change was within the normal range. 3) compared with the CON group, the fur weight of the three additive groups were significantly increased (P0.05). MLF group and CT group significantly increased heart weight (P0.05), CG group significantly increased liver weight (P0.05); MLF group and CG group significantly increased the weight of spleen and lung (P0.05), and significantly increased the proportion of spleen to premortem live weight (P0.05). 4) compared with CON group, MLF group, CT group and CG group significantly increased the whole stomach weight of calves. Rumen weight, rumen to premortem live weight ratio (P0.05), CG group significantly increased rumen to total stomach weight, valvular weight and large intestine weight (P0.05), CG group abomasum proportion of the whole stomach was significantly lower than the other three groups (P0.05). In conclusion, adding mulberry leaf flavones and Candida tropicalis to the diets of young calves significantly increased the apparent digestibility of EE,NDF and ADF, and promoted the development of gastrointestinal tract and tissues and organs. Furthermore, the production performance and meat quality of calves were improved. Flavonoids from mulberry leaves can reduce weaning stress and improve immunity. Among them, mulberry flavones and Candida tropicalis have synergistic effect, mixed addition is better than adding alone.
【学位授予单位】：河北工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823
[Abstract]:Experiment 1: effects of mulberry flavones and Candida tropicalis on growth, development and nutrient digestibility of calves before and after weaning. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of mulberry flavones and Candida tropicalis and their mixture on calf weight. Effects of body scale index and nutrient digestibility. Forty-eight Holstein calves aged 20 days were randomly divided into 4 groups according to their age and weight. The control group (CON group) was fed with basal diet. The other three groups were supplemented with mulberry leaf flavones (MLF group), Candida tropicalis (CT group), mulberry flavones and Candida tropicalis mixture (CG group) on the basis of basal diet. The results showed that: 1) the body length of CG group was significantly higher than that of CON group and CT group (P0.05), and the body length index of calves aged 42, 56, 80 days was significantly increased in), MLF group (P0.05). At the age of 56 days, the weight of calves in MLF group, CT group and CG group was significantly higher than that in CON group (P0.05). (2) at the age of 56 days, the body weight of calves in CT group was significantly higher than that in CON group (P0.05). At 80 days old, the body weight of MLF group and CG group was significantly higher than that of CON group and CT group (P0.05). 3) before weaning, the apparent digestibility of NDF in CT group was significantly higher than that in other three groups (P0.05). After weaning, the apparent digestibility of EE in MLF,CT,CG group was significantly higher than that in CON group (P0.05). Experiment 2: effects of flavonoids from mulberry leaves on serum hormones and cytokines in weaning stressed calves 24 Holstein calves born at 20 days of age were randomly divided into two groups according to their age and body weight, each of which was 12 cows. They were divided into two groups: control group (CON group) and mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLF group). The results showed that: 1) the level of serum hormone was increased by adding flavonoids from mulberry leaves in basal diet. At the age of 56 days, the GH,INS,IGF-1 of MLF group was significantly higher than that of CON group (P0.05). 2) at the age of 56 days, the level of serum hormone was higher than that of CON group. MLF group significantly increased the content of IL-4 and decreased the content of IL-6,INF- 纬 and TNF- cytokines (P0.05). Experiment 3: the effects of flavonoids from mulberry leaves and Candida tropicalis on slaughtering performance, tissue, organ and meat quality of weaned calves were studied. Twenty Holstein calves of 20 days old were randomly divided into 4 groups according to their age and body weight. Control group (CON group), mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLF group), Candida tropicalis (CT group), mulberry flavones and Candida tropicalis mixture (CG group) were slaughtered at the end of the experiment, that is, 80 days old. The results showed that: 1) MLF group and CT group significantly increased the premortem live weight and carcass weight of calves (P0.05) the eye muscle area of), MLF group was significantly higher than that of CON group (P0.05). 2) compared with CON group, CG group significantly increased the percentage of cooked meat (P0.05). MLF group and CG group significantly increased the pH value by 5.28% and 4.55% respectively (P0.05), pH change was within the normal range. 3) compared with the CON group, the fur weight of the three additive groups were significantly increased (P0.05). MLF group and CT group significantly increased heart weight (P0.05), CG group significantly increased liver weight (P0.05); MLF group and CG group significantly increased the weight of spleen and lung (P0.05), and significantly increased the proportion of spleen to premortem live weight (P0.05). 4) compared with CON group, MLF group, CT group and CG group significantly increased the whole stomach weight of calves. Rumen weight, rumen to premortem live weight ratio (P0.05), CG group significantly increased rumen to total stomach weight, valvular weight and large intestine weight (P0.05), CG group abomasum proportion of the whole stomach was significantly lower than the other three groups (P0.05). In conclusion, adding mulberry leaf flavones and Candida tropicalis to the diets of young calves significantly increased the apparent digestibility of EE,NDF and ADF, and promoted the development of gastrointestinal tract and tissues and organs. Furthermore, the production performance and meat quality of calves were improved. Flavonoids from mulberry leaves can reduce weaning stress and improve immunity. Among them, mulberry flavones and Candida tropicalis have synergistic effect, mixed addition is better than adding alone.
【学位授予单位】：河北工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823
【参考文献】
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1 章毅;刘云峰;高t熡，
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