内蒙古草地生产力及载畜量变化分析

发布时间：2019-04-15 15:09

【摘要】：草地生产力和载畜量历来是草地生态系统研究的热点问题,但多年来的研究成果却未能有效地揭示草畜供求关系。以内蒙古3个植被类型(草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原)为研究对象,基于MODIS遥感数据,应用光能利用率模型(CASA模型)和连续3年(2011—2013年)大量成对(围栏和放牧)的野外样地调查数据,分析了不同类型草地净初级生产力(NPP)、牧草利用率及超载情况。结果表明:(1)2011—2013年内蒙古草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原NPP平均值分别为122、116.2和39.3 g?m~(-2)?a~(-1);(2)2011—2013年内蒙古草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原利用率分别为41.28%、40.38%、38.05%;(3)2011年3种类型草地均过度放牧,超载率分别为43.59%、44.95%和75.92%,2012年草甸草原和荒漠草原过度放牧,超载率为1.21%、57.53%,2013年荒漠草原过度放牧,超载率为57.38%,而2012年典型草原,2013年草甸草原和典型草原与理论载畜量相比尚有127.4、1 158.82、392.33万羊单位潜力,可持续放牧。因此,在内蒙古草原牧场放牧管理时,应结合不同类型草地和降水条件,在荒漠草原及干旱年份适当减少载畜量从而实现草畜动态平衡。研究结果可为草地放牧管理决策提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:Grassland productivity and livestock capacity have always been hot issues in grassland ecosystem research, but the research results in recent years have failed to effectively reveal the relationship between supply and demand of grassland and livestock. Based on MODIS remote sensing data, three vegetation types (meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe) in Inner Mongolia were studied. Using the light energy efficiency model (CASA model) and a large number of field survey data of pairings (fencing and grazing) for three consecutive years (2011-2013), the utilization rate and overloading of net primary productivity (NPP),) forage in different types of grassland were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the average NPP values of meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe in Inner Mongolia in 2011-2013 were 122116.2 and 39.3 g 路a ~ (- 1), respectively; (2) the utilization rates of meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert grassland in Inner Mongolia in 2011-2013 were 41.28%, 40.38% and 38.05% respectively; (3) in 2011, the overgrazing rates of the three types of grassland were 43.59%, 44.95% and 75.92%, respectively. In 2012, the overgrazing rate of meadow grassland and desert steppe was 1.21%, 57.53%, respectively, and the overgrazing rate was 43.59%, 44.95% and 75.92%, respectively. The overgrazing rate of desert steppe in 2013 was 57.38%, while in 2012 the typical steppe, meadow steppe and typical grassland in 2013 had 127.4 million sheep per unit potential and 1158.82392.33 million sheep unit potential compared with the theoretical animal carrying capacity. Therefore, in Inner Mongolia grassland grazing management, combined with different types of grassland and precipitation conditions, it is necessary to reduce livestock load properly in desert steppe and arid years, so as to achieve the dynamic balance of herbage and livestock. The results can be used as a reference for grassland grazing management decision-making.
【作者单位】：北京林业大学林学院;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;内蒙古草原勘察规划院;赤峰市环境监测中心站;内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院;
【基金】：环保公益性行业科研专项(201509042) 内蒙古自治区应用与研发计划项目(20142002)
【分类号】：S812

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