不同环境应激对肉鹅免疫力、肠道微生物及生长性能的影响

发布时间：2019-04-18 13:14

【摘要】：本论文以马岗鹅为研究对象,研究光色、内毒素和褪黑素对肉鹅生长性能、免疫力、肠道微生物的影响,以期揭示光色和内毒素对肉鹅机体性状及肠道微生物的调控效应,并探讨利用光色和褪黑素缓解内毒素危害来改善肉鹅生长的可行性,为养鹅生产提供参考和借鉴。实验一研究白光、红光和蓝光对肉鹅(0-63日龄)生长性能、饲料转化率、相关激素、抗氧化指标及肠道微生物的影响。结果显示,红光能一定程度促进生长性能,对饲料转化率则无影响,蓝光抑制生长性能和饲料转化率。红光和蓝光均降低GH、IGF-1、T3、ADR和CAR水平;在d 35升高在d63降低MDA和GR水平。试验期环境中总菌数、黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌浓度以红光组最高,蓝光照最低。肠道微生物中,4个优势菌门中白光组的厚壁菌门占比最高,变形菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门占比最低,蓝光组则相反,红光组居中。4种优势菌属种中只有Terrisporobacter菌属不受光照影响,与生长阶段相关;Bacillus菌属和Lactococcus菌属受红光影响,不同生长阶段不同;Turicibacter菌属受白光影响,不同生长期有所不同。结果证明,红光可影响肉鹅相关激素、抗氧化指标,一定程度促进生长性能;蓝光可抑制血液激素和抗氧化指标,抑制生长性能和饲料转化率。两种光均对肠道微生物产生影响,以蓝色光最为显著。实验二研究了雏鹅期(16 d~22 d),外源性内毒素和褪黑素对雏鹅生长性能、饲料转化率、激素、生化指标、免疫学指标、肠道微生物的影响。结果显示,内毒素会抑制生长和饲料转化率,导致T3、T4和皮质醇上升,使肾上腺素下降;导致肝脏及脾脏肿大,胸腺和法氏囊萎缩,显著降低总胆固醇、甘油三酯和碱性磷酸酶,升高谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶;显著降低血清总蛋白、血清白蛋白和血清球蛋白及白蛋白/球蛋白。褪黑素对内毒素毒性负作用有一定缓解作用,升高T4和碱性磷酸酶指标,降低肾上腺素浓度。褪黑素和内毒素对肠道优势微生物菌群具有促进或抑制作用,能影响肠道微生物区系多样性。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effects of light color, endotoxin and melatonin on growth performance, immunity and intestinal microbe of Magang goose were studied in order to reveal the regulation effect of light color and endotoxin on body character and intestinal microbe of goose, and the effects of light color, endotoxin and melatonin on growth performance, immunity and intestinal microbe of goose were studied. The feasibility of using light color and melatonin to alleviate endotoxin damage to improve the growth of geese was discussed in order to provide reference and reference for goose production. Experiment 1 was conducted to study the effects of white light, red light and blue light on growth performance, feed conversion rate, related hormones, antioxidant index and intestinal microbe of geese (0-63-day-old). The results showed that red light could promote growth performance to a certain extent, but had no effect on feed conversion rate. Blue light inhibited growth performance and feed conversion rate. Both red and blue light decreased the levels of GH,IGF-1,T3,ADR and CAR, and increased at d 35 and decreased the levels of MDA and GR at d 63. The concentration of staphylococcus xanthosus and Escherichia coli was the highest in red light group and the lowest in blue illumination. Among the four dominant bacteria, the percentage of thick-walled bacteria in white light group was the highest, that of deformable bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi and actinomycetes was the lowest, while that of blue-ray group was the opposite, while that of white-light group was the highest, while that of blue-ray group was the opposite. Among the 4 dominant species, only Terrisporobacter was not affected by light, which was related to the growth stage. Bacillus and Lactococcus were affected by red light, and Turicibacter was affected by white light at different growth stages. The results showed that red light could affect the related hormones and antioxidant indexes of geese and promote the growth performance to a certain extent, while blue light could inhibit the blood hormones and antioxidant indexes, inhibit the growth performance and feed conversion rate. The blue light had the most significant effect on the intestinal microbe. In experiment 2, the effects of exogenous endotoxin and melatonin on growth performance, feed conversion rate, hormone, biochemical index, immunological index and intestinal microbe of goose at 16 d / 22 d), were studied. The results showed that endotoxin inhibited the growth and feed conversion, led to the increase of T _ 3, T _ 4 and cortisol, and decreased the level of epinephrine. Liver and spleen enlargement, atrophy of thymus and bursa Fabricius, decrease of total cholesterol, triglyceride and alkaline phosphatase, elevated glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; Significantly decreased serum total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin and albumin / globulin. Melatonin could alleviate the toxicity of endotoxin, increase T 4 and alkaline phosphatase, and decrease the concentration of epinephrine. Melatonin and endotoxin can promote or inhibit the dominant microbial flora in intestinal tract, and can affect the diversity of intestinal microflora.
【学位授予单位】：仲恺农业工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S835

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