藏东南高寒地区人工草地建植初期生物量研究

发布时间：2019-04-23 16:44

【摘要】：针对藏东南山区过度放牧和植被破坏的问题,以芒康地区人工草地为研究对象,依据当地的水热条件,从2014年4月到2015年9月选用4种牧草进行两两混播和单播的试验,研究一年多来牧草的产量变化、生物量的分配以及不同牧草之间的混播效果.结果表明:1)在生物量上,单播的垂穗披碱草和老芒麦总生物量最大,分别为(228.80±26.61)和(225.47±62.85)g/m~2;混播组合中,紫花苜蓿+老芒麦的总生物量最大,为(217.47±54.48)g/m~2.2)10种牧草组合的人工草地地下生物量在垂直方面上均呈倒金字塔特征,即上层根系生物量较大,越往下层生物量越少,0~15 cm的生物量占地下总生物量的比例介于63.21%~88.17%,其中燕麦+垂穗披碱草组合的人工草地在0~15 cm的生物量所占的比重最大,为88.17%.3)10种牧草组合的人工草地的地上生物量与地下生物量呈高度线性相关(R=0.83,P0.05).4)从根冠比上看,在单播草地中,根冠比从大到小依次为紫花苜蓿、老芒麦、燕麦和垂穗披碱草,根冠比差异不明显;在混播草地中,垂穗披碱草+老芒麦、燕麦+紫花苜蓿以及紫花苜蓿+老芒麦组合的草地根冠比较大,介于2.40~2.60,其中紫花苜蓿+垂穗披碱草根冠比最小,仅为0.82,显著低于除燕麦+老芒麦以外的其他混播组合草地.
[Abstract]:In view of the problem of overgrazing and vegetation destruction in the mountainous area of southeast Tibet, the artificial grassland in Mangkang area was taken as the object of study. According to the local hydrothermal conditions, four kinds of forage were selected from April 2014 to September 2015 for the experiment of mixing and monoculture of four herbage species. The yield change, biomass distribution and mixed sowing effect of different herbage in the past year were studied. The results showed that: 1) in biomass, the total biomass of Elymus sachyptoides (228.80 卤26.61) and Elymus aestivum (225.47 卤62.85) g / m ~ (2) was the highest. In the mixed planting combination, the total biomass of Medicago sativa old mango was the largest, which was (217.47 卤54.48) g/m~2.2. The underground biomass of 10 forage combinations showed the characteristics of inverted pyramid vertically. That is to say, the biomass of the upper root system is larger, and the lower the biomass is, the lower the biomass is. The biomass of 0 / 15 cm is 63.21% ~ 88.17% of the total underground biomass. The proportion of artificial grassland in 0 ~ 15 cm was the largest (88.17%) the aboveground biomass and underground biomass were highly linearly correlated with the above-ground biomass of 10 kinds of herbage combinations (R = 0.83, 0.83, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). (P0.05). 4) from the root-to-crown ratio, the root-shoot ratio was alfalfa, old mango, oat and Elymus sachyptoides, and the root-shoot ratio was not significantly different from large to small in unicast grassland. In the mixed sowing grassland, the root cap of the combination of Elymus sachyptoides, Alfalfa sativa and Medicago sativa was larger, ranging from 2.40 to 2.60, and the ratio of root to crown of Elymus sachyptoides was the lowest, which was only 0.82, and the root-crown ratio of Alfalfa was 0.82, and the root-crown ratio of Alfalfa was only 0.82. It was significantly lower than that of other mixed-sowing grasslands other than the old oats.
【作者单位】：中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所;中国科学院大学;中国电建贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41571205) 华能集团总部科技项目(HNKJ14-H17)
【分类号】：S812

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