牦牛适应青藏高原环境的组织解剖学研究进展

发布时间：2019-05-16 04:30

【摘要】：高寒、缺氧和牧草营养短缺是高原地区主要的生态限制因子,高原土著动物在长期的适应进化过程中形成了独特的低氧适应策略。牦牛对青藏高原低氧的适应,主要通过特定的生理、代谢及解剖学特征表现出来。近年来,随着低氧环境下从器官到细胞器水平研究的不断深入,牦牛高寒低氧适应在基因水平上的成果较多,但受分析方法和样本数量的限制,低氧适应的候选基因不尽相同,其明确的生理生化表型仍不是很确定。本文从牦牛对氧的运转和利用、高寒胁迫的适应以及应对牧草营养短缺等组织解剖学形态方面的适应性研究进行综述,以期为高原畜牧业的发展、高原动物和人群的疾病防治及揭示高原人群的生理生态适应机制提供重要的借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:Alpine, anoxia and forage nutrition shortage are the main ecological limiting factors in plateau area. Plateau indigenous animals have formed a unique hypoxia adaptation strategy in the process of long-term adaptation and evolution. The adaptation of yaks to hypoxia in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is mainly manifested by specific physiological, metabolic and anatomical characteristics. In recent years, with the deepening of the study from organ to organelle level in hypoxia environment, there are many achievements in gene level of yak adaptation to high cold and hypoxia, but due to the limitation of analysis methods and sample number, the candidate genes of hypoxia adaptation are not the same. Its clear physiological and biochemical phenotypes are still uncertain. In this paper, the adaptation of yak to oxygen, the adaptation of alpine stress and the adaptability of tissue anatomy to forage nutrition shortage were reviewed in order to be the development of animal husbandry at high altitude. The disease prevention and control of plateau animals and populations and the revealing of physiological and ecological adaptation mechanism of plateau population provide important reference.
【作者单位】：兰州大学草地农业科技学院草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室;中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所甘肃省牦牛繁育工程重点实验室;兰州大学生命科学学院;
【基金】：甘肃省杰出青年基金计划项目(1308RJDA015) 国家自然基金委国际合作与交流项目(31461143020)
【分类号】：S823.85

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