不同生长期含单宁饲草单宁含量变化及其对瘤胃体外发酵的影响

发布时间：2019-05-18 07:50

【摘要】：本研究以山野豌豆、胡枝子、紫穗槐、柞树叶、榛子叶等五种含单宁饲草为研究对象,分别研究其叶片在不同生长期的单宁含量和养分含量的变化,并利用体外培养法分析饲草对瘤胃发酵指标的影响,对饲用价值和适宜利用时间进行讨论,为山野豌豆、胡枝子、紫穗槐、榛子叶、柞树叶作为新型饲料资源的进一步开发和利用提供基础数据依据。试验一、不同生长期含单宁饲草单宁含量变化试验以2014年6、7、8、9月月初吉林延边长白山地区采集的山野豌豆(Viciaamoena Fisch),胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor Turcz),紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa L.),榛子叶(Corylaceae leaf)柞树叶(Xylosma racemosum leaf)为样品,采用Folin-Ciocalteu法测定样品中总酚、简单酚、单宁的含量,采用Vanilli-HCl法测定样品中缩合单宁的含量,采用饲料常规分析法测定样品中水份、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和粗灰分(Ash)的含量。结果表明：样品中总酚、简单酚、单宁、缩合单宁含量随植物种类的不同而不同并且含量相差较大,随月份变化呈现下降趋势,且为不规则波浪型,总体表现为总酚含量大于总单宁含量,总单宁含量大于简单酚含量,简单酚含量大于缩合单宁含量,其中总酚含量最低是9月胡枝子39.20 g/kg,最高的是8月山野豌豆为131.18 g/kg；简单酚含量最低为6月柞树叶8.03 g/kg,最高的是6月榛子叶39.38 g/kg；单宁含量最低为6月胡枝子25.85 g/kg,最高的是8月山野豌豆106.88 g/kg；缩合单宁含量最低的为9月紫穗槐3.48 g/kg,含量最高的为8月山野豌豆18.26 g/始。说明植物种类是影响植物酚类含量的主要因素,植物生长期等条件等也会影响酚类物质含量。试验二、不同生长期含单宁饲草对瘤胃体外发酵的影响试验采用瘤胃体外发酵法,取以上饲草干物质为发酵底物,培养72小时,并于3、6、12、24、36、48、72小时分别采样测定瘤胃发酵的pH值、氨态氮含量、产气量、甲烷产量、挥发性脂肪酸含量。在发酵72h后结果表明：pH值方面,山野豌豆7月pH5.90,紫穗槐6月pH5.65,榛子叶6月pH5.73,柞树叶9月pH5.81显著高于同种类的其他月份(P0。01),胡枝子7月pH5.57显著高于6月(P0.01)；NH3-N浓度方面,山野豌豆9月16.01 mg/dL,胡枝子6月28.48 mg/dL,紫穗槐9月19.04 mg/dL,榛子叶9月24.64 mg/dL,柞树叶9月8.74 mg/dL显著高于同种类的其他月份(P0.01)；产气量方面,山野豌豆9月208.33 ml,胡枝子6月229.67 ml,紫穗槐9月209.33 ml,榛子叶9月206.67 ml,柞树叶6月143.67 ml,显著高于同种类的其他月份(P0.01)；甲烷产量方面,山野豌豆8月245.44 umol显著低于6、9月(P0.01),胡枝子6月932.60 umol显著低于8、9月(P0.01),紫穗槐6月660.78 umol、榛子叶6月549.65 umol显著低于同种类其他月份(P0.01),柞树叶7月348.33 umol显著低于8、9月(P0.01)；总挥发性脂肪酸方面,山野豌豆9月80.31m mol/L显著高于6月(P0.05)和7、8月(P0.01),胡枝子6月95.11 m mol/L、紫穗槐9月78.95 m mol/L显著高于同种类的其他月(P0.01),榛子叶7月72.25 m mol/L显著高于6、8月(P0.05)和9月(P0.01),柞树叶6月51.71 m mol/L显著高于7月(P0.01)。综合表明山野豌豆6月,胡枝子6月、紫穗槐9月、榛子叶7月、柞树叶8月相比于同种类其他月份可以显著增加瘤胃VFA含量,提高丙酸含量,NH3-N含量满足瘤胃微生物需求,不抑制瘤胃正常发酵。
[Abstract]:The changes of tannin content and nutrient content of the leaves in different growth stages were studied in this study, and the influence of the forage grass on the rumen fermentation index was analyzed by in vitro culture method. The paper discusses the feeding value and the suitable utilization time, and provides the basic data base for the further development and utilization of the new feed resource for the wild peas, the Lespefruit, the Amorpha fruticosa, the hazelnut leaves and the leaves of the ginkgo tree. The results showed that the content of tannin in the tannin-containing forage in different growing periods was 6,7,8 and 8, and the samples were collected from the Changbai Mountain of Yanbian, Jilin, in the beginning of September, July, August and September,2014. The content of total phenol, simple phenol and tannin in the sample was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the content of the condensed tannin in the sample was determined by the Vanilli-HCl method, and the water content, crude protein (CP) and neutral washing fiber (NDF) in the sample were determined by the routine method of feed. The content of the acid wash fiber (ADF) and the crude ash (Ash). The results showed that the content of total phenol, simple phenol, tannin and condensed tannin in the sample varied with the plant species and the content difference was large, and the content of the total phenol in the sample was higher than the total tannin content. The content of total tannin is higher than that of simple phenol, and the content of simple phenol is higher than the content of condensed tannin, and the content of total phenol is 39.20 g/ kg in September, the highest is 131.18 g/ kg in August, and the simple phenol content is 8.03 g/ kg in June, and the highest is 39.38 g/ kg of hazelnut leaf in June. The content of tannin was at least 25.85 g/ kg in June, the highest was 106.88 g/ kg in August, the content of condensed tannin was 3.48 g/ kg in September, and the highest content was 18.26 g/ kg in August. It is indicated that the plant species are the main factors that affect the phenolic content of the plant, and the conditions of the growth period of the plant also affect the content of the phenolic substances. In the experiment, the influence of the tannin-containing forage grass on the in vitro fermentation of the rumen was tested by the in-vitro fermentation method of the rumen. The dry matter of the above forage grass was taken as the fermentation substrate for 72 hours, and the pH value, the ammonia nitrogen content, the gas yield and the methane yield of the rumen fermentation were measured at 3,6,12,24,36,48 and 72 hours, respectively. The content of volatile fatty acids. The results of 72-hour fermentation showed that, in the aspect of pH, the pH value was higher than that in the other month of the same kind (P0.01). The pH of the leaves of the wild pea was higher than that in the other month of the same species (P0.01), and the pH of the leaves in July was significantly higher than that of the same species (P0.01), and the concentration of NH3-N was 16.01 mg/ dL in September. Hu Zhizi was 28.48 mg/ dL in June, 19.04 mg/ dL in Amorpha fruticosa, 24.64 mg/ dL for hazelnut leaves, and 8.74 mg/ dL in September, and was significantly higher than the other month of the same species (P0.01); in the aspect of gas production, the wild pea was 208.33ml in September, 229.67ml in June, September 209.33ml, and the hazelnut leaf was 206.67ml in September. In the same kind of other month (P0.01), the yield of methane was significantly lower than that of the other month (P0.01), and the yield of methane was significantly lower than that of June and September (P0.01). The leaf of hazelnut was significantly lower than the other month in the same kind (P0.01). The total volatile fatty acid content was significantly lower than that of the other month (P0.01), and the total volatile fatty acid was significantly higher than that in June (P0.05) and July, August (P0.01). The 72.25 m mol/ L of the hazelnut leaves was significantly higher than that in the other month of the same kind (P0.01), and the 72.25 m mol/ L of the hazelnut leaves was significantly higher than that of the other month in June and August (P0.05) and September (P0.01). The results showed that the content of VFA in the rumen, the content of propionic acid and the content of NH3-N could be increased significantly, and the normal fermentation of the rumen was not inhibited.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816

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