日粮添加谷氨酰胺对幼龄獭兔免疫性能、盲肠菌群及骨骼肌的影响
发布时间：2019-06-08 08:10
【摘要】：獭兔是一种具有较高经济价值的皮肉兼用型经济动物。断奶后的1~2个月是獭兔免疫力相对低下、疾病多发的阶段,对其健康和生产性能造成多种不利影响。谷氨酰胺作为一种条件性必需氨基酸,对不良体况下的动物有抗应激、增强免疫、促进组织修复和生长等作用,可作为理想的绿色添加剂。本试验以日粮添加不同水平谷氨酰胺对幼龄獭兔免疫指标、盲肠代表性菌种数量及肌肉发育为方向展开研究,选取体况相近公母各半35日龄的断奶獭兔240只,随机分为O、A、B、C、D、E6个组(每组40只,每只为一个重复),分别饲喂谷氨酰胺添加量为0%、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%和2.0%的日粮。预试期7天,正式试验60天,分I、II两阶段,在正式试验第30天和第60天空腹对所有试验獭兔称重后每组分别抽取6只体重接近(3公3母)的獭兔进行屠宰采样以检测其各项免疫指标及肠道菌群数量,对第60天獭兔的肌肉样本进行组织学和相关基因表达分析。主要研究结果如下:1.日粮添加谷氨酰胺可以改善幼龄獭兔免疫力,提高其免疫器官指数,极显著增加各阶段血清IgA及GSH含量(P0.01);从MUC1、MUC2基因的相对表达量反映出断奶后第一个月幼龄獭兔的肠道环境更为脆弱,日粮添加谷氨酰胺可维持健康的回肠粘膜状态;第I阶段以1.6%添加水平效果最好,第II阶段降为0.8%。另外,谷氨酰胺对两个阶段幼龄獭兔血清IgG、IgM含量无显著影响(P0.05)或有不同程度降低(P0.05或P0.01),对第II阶段回肠MUC2表达无显著影响(P0.05)。2.日粮添加谷氨酰胺可以明显改善两个阶段幼龄獭兔的盲肠菌群数量与结构,增加有益优势菌白色瘤胃球菌(Ruminococcusalbus)和另枝菌(Alistipes)数量(P0.05),同时减少潜在致病菌梭菌(Clostridium)及大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)数量(P0.05或P0.01),保持盲肠微生物的平衡状态,但对各阶段总菌无明显影响(P0.05)。第I阶段1.6%添加水平效果较好,第II阶段以0.8%添加水平效果较好。3.日粮添加谷氨酰胺可调控幼龄獭兔肌细胞的相关基因表达,上调胰岛素生长因子IGF-I、IGF-II及脂肪酸合酶基因FASNmRNA的表达量(P0.05或P0.01),极显著降低及肌细胞生长抑制素MSTNmRNA的表达量(P0.01),进而促进幼龄獭兔骨骼肌的发育,且随着日粮谷氨酰胺添加水平的上升,肌纤维的密度逐渐提高,同时肌纤维直径和肌浆比例浮动下降。综上所述:日粮添加谷氨酰胺可以改善幼龄獭兔免疫力,增强回肠粘膜免疫;对盲肠内容物菌群而言,谷氨酰胺可有效降低有害菌数量,提高有益菌数量,增强幼龄獭兔的消化道性能,进而利于幼兔在应激条件下保持健康;同时,谷氨酰胺可调控及细胞内相关基因的表达,促进肌肉发育,改善肌纤维特性。综合健康方面各个指标分析得出断奶后第一个月幼龄獭兔日粮谷氨酰胺的最适添加量为1.6%,断奶后第二个月为0.8%。
[Abstract]:Rex rabbit is a kind of economic animal with high economic value. 1 脳 2 months after weanling is the stage of relatively low immunity and frequent diseases in Rex rabbits, which has a variety of adverse effects on their health and performance. Glutamine, as a conditional essential amino acid, can resist stress, enhance immunity, promote tissue repair and growth, and can be used as an ideal green additive. In this experiment, 240 weanling Rex rabbits with similar male and female body condition of 35 days old were randomly divided into two groups: the immune index of young Rex rabbits supplemented with different levels of glutamine, the number of representative strains in cecum and muscle development. B, C, D, E6 groups (40 rats in each group, one repeat each) were fed with glutamine supplementation of 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0%, respectively. The pre-trial period is 7 days, and the official trial is 60 days. It is divided into two stages: I. II. On the 30th and 60th day of the official trial, six Rex rabbits weighing close to weight (3 males and 3 females) were slaughtered and sampled to detect the immune indexes and the number of intestinal flora in each group. The muscle samples of Rex rabbits on the 60th day were analyzed by histology and related gene expression. The main results are as follows: 1. Dietary glutamine supplementation could improve the immunity of young Rex rabbits, increase the index of immune organs, and significantly increase the contents of serum IgA and GSH in each stage (P01). The relative expression of MUC1,MUC2 gene reflected that the intestinal environment of young Rex rabbits at the first month after weanling was more fragile, and glutamine supplementation could maintain a healthy ileal mucosa. The effect of 1.6% addition level was the best in stage I, and decreased to 0.8% in stage II. In addition, glutamine had no significant effect on serum IgG,IgM content in young Rex rabbits at two stages (P05) or decreased in varying degrees (P05 or P01), but had no significant effect on MUC2 expression in ileum in stage II (P05). 2. Dietary glutamine supplementation could significantly improve the number and structure of cecum flora in young Rex rabbits at two stages, and increase the number of beneficial dominant bacteria (Ruminococcusalbus) and (Alistipes) (P 0.05). At the same time, the number of Clostridium perfringens (Clostridium) and E. coli (Escherichia coli) was decreased (P 0.05 or P 0.01), and the balance of cecum microorganisms was maintained, but there was no significant effect on the total bacteria in each stage (P 0.05). The effect of 1.6% addition level in stage I is better than that in stage II with 0.8% addition level. 3. Dietary glutamine could regulate the expression of related genes in muscle cells of young Rex rabbits and up-regulate the expression of insulin growth factor IGF-I,IGF-II and fatty acid synthase gene FASNmRNA (P 0.05 or P 0.01). The expression of MSTN mRNA was significantly decreased and the expression of MSTN mRNA was significantly decreased (P01), which promoted the development of skeletal muscle in young Rex rabbits, and the density of muscle fibers increased gradually with the increase of dietary glutamine supplementation level. At the same time, the diameter of muscle fiber and the ratio of sarcoplasmic plasma fluctuated and decreased. To sum up: dietary glutamine can improve the immunity of young Rex rabbits and enhance the immunity of ileum mucosa. For cecum content flora, glutamine can effectively reduce the number of harmful bacteria, increase the number of beneficial bacteria, enhance the digestive tract performance of young Rex rabbits, and thus benefit the young rabbits to maintain health under stress conditions. At the same time, glutamine can regulate the expression of intracellular related genes, promote muscle development and improve muscle fiber characteristics. The results of comprehensive health analysis showed that the optimum amount of glutamine in the diet of young Rex rabbits was 1.6% in the first month after weanling and 0.8% in the second month after weanling.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S829.1
本文编号：2495137
[Abstract]:Rex rabbit is a kind of economic animal with high economic value. 1 脳 2 months after weanling is the stage of relatively low immunity and frequent diseases in Rex rabbits, which has a variety of adverse effects on their health and performance. Glutamine, as a conditional essential amino acid, can resist stress, enhance immunity, promote tissue repair and growth, and can be used as an ideal green additive. In this experiment, 240 weanling Rex rabbits with similar male and female body condition of 35 days old were randomly divided into two groups: the immune index of young Rex rabbits supplemented with different levels of glutamine, the number of representative strains in cecum and muscle development. B, C, D, E6 groups (40 rats in each group, one repeat each) were fed with glutamine supplementation of 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0%, respectively. The pre-trial period is 7 days, and the official trial is 60 days. It is divided into two stages: I. II. On the 30th and 60th day of the official trial, six Rex rabbits weighing close to weight (3 males and 3 females) were slaughtered and sampled to detect the immune indexes and the number of intestinal flora in each group. The muscle samples of Rex rabbits on the 60th day were analyzed by histology and related gene expression. The main results are as follows: 1. Dietary glutamine supplementation could improve the immunity of young Rex rabbits, increase the index of immune organs, and significantly increase the contents of serum IgA and GSH in each stage (P01). The relative expression of MUC1,MUC2 gene reflected that the intestinal environment of young Rex rabbits at the first month after weanling was more fragile, and glutamine supplementation could maintain a healthy ileal mucosa. The effect of 1.6% addition level was the best in stage I, and decreased to 0.8% in stage II. In addition, glutamine had no significant effect on serum IgG,IgM content in young Rex rabbits at two stages (P05) or decreased in varying degrees (P05 or P01), but had no significant effect on MUC2 expression in ileum in stage II (P05). 2. Dietary glutamine supplementation could significantly improve the number and structure of cecum flora in young Rex rabbits at two stages, and increase the number of beneficial dominant bacteria (Ruminococcusalbus) and (Alistipes) (P 0.05). At the same time, the number of Clostridium perfringens (Clostridium) and E. coli (Escherichia coli) was decreased (P 0.05 or P 0.01), and the balance of cecum microorganisms was maintained, but there was no significant effect on the total bacteria in each stage (P 0.05). The effect of 1.6% addition level in stage I is better than that in stage II with 0.8% addition level. 3. Dietary glutamine could regulate the expression of related genes in muscle cells of young Rex rabbits and up-regulate the expression of insulin growth factor IGF-I,IGF-II and fatty acid synthase gene FASNmRNA (P 0.05 or P 0.01). The expression of MSTN mRNA was significantly decreased and the expression of MSTN mRNA was significantly decreased (P01), which promoted the development of skeletal muscle in young Rex rabbits, and the density of muscle fibers increased gradually with the increase of dietary glutamine supplementation level. At the same time, the diameter of muscle fiber and the ratio of sarcoplasmic plasma fluctuated and decreased. To sum up: dietary glutamine can improve the immunity of young Rex rabbits and enhance the immunity of ileum mucosa. For cecum content flora, glutamine can effectively reduce the number of harmful bacteria, increase the number of beneficial bacteria, enhance the digestive tract performance of young Rex rabbits, and thus benefit the young rabbits to maintain health under stress conditions. At the same time, glutamine can regulate the expression of intracellular related genes, promote muscle development and improve muscle fiber characteristics. The results of comprehensive health analysis showed that the optimum amount of glutamine in the diet of young Rex rabbits was 1.6% in the first month after weanling and 0.8% in the second month after weanling.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S829.1
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