洋葱、生姜及葫芦巴提取物对体外瘤胃甲烷生成的调控作用

发布时间：2019-06-21 01:28

【摘要】：反刍动物瘤胃甲烷的生成,不仅造成了对饲料能量的浪费,还作为一种温室气体是大气环境温室效应问题的制造者之一。近年来,畜牧养殖的规模化发展,动物肠道甲烷的排放量逐年递增,已不容忽视。因此,无论从经济角度还是环境角度,减少人为甲烷的排放已刻不容缓,在此尤其是反刍动物瘤胃甲烷的排放。本文采用短期(24h)人工瘤胃发酵试验,通过单因素随机分组试验,研究分别添加洋葱、生姜和葫芦巴三种提取物对瘤胃发酵及甲烷产量的影响,并利用现代分子生物学方法RT-PCR、DGGE、16S/18S rDNA序列分析等观测了主要相关微生物原虫、细菌、真菌群体数量及区系结构的变化,初步探究植物提取物的作用机理。24h发酵结束后,结果如下:(1)分别添加三种提取物对瘤胃发酵参数的影响。结果发现,较对照组,添加洋葱提取物极显著降低总产气量(P0.01),葫芦巴提取物极显著升高总产气量(P0.01),而生姜提取物对总产气量没有显著影响。三种提取物的添加对发酵液pH值、挥发性脂肪酸总浓度及乙丙丁三种短链脂肪酸浓度均没有显著影响,但添加生姜提取物显著降低乙丙比(P0.05),其他两种提取物对乙丙比没有显著影响;三种提取物的添加均极显著降低发酵液氨氮浓度(P0.01),其中生姜提取物使其减少最多。而对底物消化的影响,三种提取物的添加均极显著降低发酵底物的干物质降解率(P0.01)。(2)对体外瘤胃CH4生成的影响。添加生姜和葫芦巴提取物极显著减少甲烷产量(P0.01),而洋葱提取物对甲烷产量没有显著影响。(3)微生物区系的研究结果显示,三种提取物的添加不同程度的对某些瘤胃细菌、真菌、原虫等瘤胃微生物的数量有显著的影响,表现为上调或下调某些微生物。而对瘤胃细菌和真菌区系变化的研究发现,体外发酵试验使二者的微生物多样性有下降趋势,而植物提取物的添加有缓解这一趋势的迹象。因此,本文研究结果表明,生姜和葫芦巴提取物在不显著改变瘤胃发酵内环境的同时可抑制瘤胃甲烷的生成,而这种影响是通过调控瘤胃复杂的微生物对有机物降解过程实现的,具有作为饲料添加剂抑制甲烷排放的潜力和前景。
[Abstract]:The formation of methane in rumen of ruminants not only results in the waste of feed energy, but also as a greenhouse gas is one of the manufacturers of Greenhouse Effect problem in atmospheric environment. In recent years, with the large-scale development of animal husbandry, methane emissions from animal intestines are increasing year by year, which can not be ignored. Therefore, it is urgent to reduce the emission of artificial methane from the economic and environmental point of view, especially the methane emission from rumen of ruminants. In this paper, short-term (24 h) artificial rumen fermentation test was carried out, and the effects of onion, ginger and cucurbitum on rumen fermentation and methane production were studied by single factor random grouping test, and the changes of population number and floristic structure of main related microbial protozoa, bacteria and fungi were observed by modern molecular biological method RT-PCR,DGGE,16S/18S rDNA sequence analysis. The mechanism of plant extract was preliminarily explored. After 24 h fermentation, the results were as follows: (1) the effects of three kinds of extract on rumen fermentation parameters. The results showed that compared with the control group, the total gas production was significantly decreased by adding onion extract (P01), while the total gas production was significantly increased by gourd extract (P01), but ginger extract had no significant effect on the total gas production. The addition of the three kinds of extract had no significant effect on the pH value of fermentation broth, the total concentration of volatile fatty acids and the concentration of three short-chain fatty acids, but the addition of ginger extract significantly decreased the ratio of ethylene to propylene (P 0.05), while the other two extract had no significant effect on the ratio of ethylene to propylene. The addition of the three kinds of extract significantly decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in fermentation broth (P 0.01), among which ginger extract significantly reduced the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in fermentation broth (P 0.01). However, the effect of substrate digestion on the production of CH4 in rumen in vitro was significantly decreased by the addition of the three extracts (P01). (2). The addition of ginger and cucurbitum extract significantly decreased methane production (P 0.01), but onion extract had no significant effect on methane production. (3) the results of microbial flora showed that the addition of three kinds of extract had significant effects on the number of rumen microorganisms such as rumen bacteria, fungi, protozoa and so on, which showed that the addition of onion extract had a significant effect on the number of rumen microorganisms such as rumen bacteria, fungi, protozoa and so on, which showed that the addition of onion extract had no significant effect on methane production. The study on the flora changes of rumen bacteria and fungi found that the microbial diversity of rumen bacteria and fungi decreased by fermentation in vitro, and the addition of plant extract showed a sign to alleviate this trend. Therefore, the results showed that ginger and cucurbitum extract could not significantly change the environment of rumen fermentation, but also inhibit the production of methane in rumen, which was realized by regulating the degradation process of organic matter by rumen complex microorganisms, and had the potential and prospect of inhibiting methane emission as feed additive.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816

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