益生菌、果寡糖对后备母猪生长性能、免疫功能和肠道微生物的影响研究

发布时间：2019-06-27 14:27

【摘要】：动物福利问题在畜禽养殖中越来越引起人们的重视,尽管使用抗生素对畜禽的生长有促进作用,但是欧盟及一些国家已禁止抗生素使用或实行严格的限制。研制开发新型绿色环保的饲料添加剂是养殖业健康发展的前提。后备母猪的健康在生产中有举足轻重的地位,决定着养猪场的经济效益和未来。本试验旨在系统研究添加益生菌、果寡糖及组合对后备母猪生长性能、养分消化率、免疫机能、肠道微生物和圈舍氨气浓度的影响,为后备母猪的福利和健康养殖提供依据。(1)益生菌、果寡糖对后备母猪日增重的影响。试验选取相同日龄的大×长白后备母猪224头,随机分为4个组,每组4个重复,每个重复14头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,3个试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.2%益生菌、0.1%果寡糖、0.1%益生菌和0.05%果寡糖的日粮,试验期30天。试验开始和结束时测定该批猪重量。结果表明,益生菌组、果寡糖组、益生菌和果寡糖复合组的平均日增重均有所提高,差异显著(P0.05),其中益生菌和果寡糖复合组比对照组提高了21.2%,益生菌组、果寡糖组分别提高17.0%和8.51%。但各试验组之间未见显著差异(P0.05)。(2)益生菌、果寡糖对后备母猪血清T3、T4的影响。在上述试验基础上每重复采集3头母猪血清,用放射免疫法对T3、T4、GH含量进行测定。结果表明,益生菌组、益生菌和果寡糖复合组血清中的T3、T4、GH的水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),T3水平分别提高了29.4%和37.3%;T4水平分别提高了47.6%和52.6%;GH分别提高了16.3%和19.5%。添加果寡糖组T3有显著提高了13.7%(P0.05),但对T4和GH影响不显著(P0.05)。(3)益生菌、果寡糖对后备母猪养分消化率的影响。试验第24~30天连续7天每天每处理选取1头母猪采集粪样、料样,试验结束后分别测定饲粮和粪中的蛋白质和能量,计算蛋白质和能量的消化率。结果表明,对照组相比,益生菌组、果寡糖组的能量消化率有显著提高(P0.05),分别提高5.4%和4.9%,但益生菌和果寡糖复合组提高不显著;益生菌组、果寡糖组粗蛋白的消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),分别提高了8.4%和10.0%,但益生菌和果寡糖复合组的作用效果不显著(P0.05)。(4)益生菌、果寡糖对后备母猪血清中IgA、IgG和IgM含量的影响。在上述试验基础上每重复采集3头母猪进行血清,用免疫比浊法对IgA、IgG和IgM进行测定。结果表明,益生菌组、益生菌和果寡糖复合组血清中的IgG、IgA、IgM的水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),IgG分别提高了2.5%和6.3%;IgA分别提高了9.5%和18.1%;IgM分别提高了2.1%和6.2%。但果寡糖组与对照组相比没有显著提高(P0.05)。(5)益生菌、果寡糖对后备母猪粪中微生物的影响。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2、3和4组的大肠杆菌数量均显著低于对照组(P0.05),分别降低了99%,100%和92%,试验组之间差异不显著(P0.05);益生菌组、益生菌和果寡糖复合组的乳酸杆菌数量显著高于对照组(P0.05),分别提高46.7%和26.2%,但果寡糖组作用效果不显著(P0.05);各试验组双歧杆菌数量均有所提高(P0.05),分别提高了21.2%、33.7%和130%,其中益生菌和果寡糖复合组显著高于对照组和果寡糖组(P0.05)。(6)益生菌、果寡糖对后备母猪圈舍中氨气浓度的影响。采用纳氏试剂比色法进行氨气浓度分析。与对照组相比,三个试验组的氨气浓度均有显著降低(P0.05),其中益生菌和果寡糖复合组猪舍中的氨气浓度降低最为显著(P0.05)。试验结果说明:果寡糖和益生菌都可以不同程度的提高后备母猪的生长性能、免疫机能,改善肠道菌群,降低母猪圈舍中氨气浓度,且复合作用效果更为明显,这一结论可以应用到今后的生产实践中去。
[Abstract]:Animal welfare has attracted more and more attention in the breeding of livestock and poultry, although the use of antibiotics has a catalytic effect on the growth of livestock and poultry, but the EU and some countries have banned the use or strict restriction of antibiotics. The development of new green and environment-friendly feed additive is the prerequisite for the healthy development of the breeding industry. The health of the gilts plays a very important role in the production, and determines the economic and future of the pig farm. The purpose of this study is to study the effects of the addition of probiotics, fructo-oligosaccharides and combinations on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune function, intestinal micro-organism and the concentration of ammonia in the back-up sow, and provide the basis for the well-being and healthy cultivation of the back-up sow. (1) The effect of probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharides on the daily gain of the gilts. 224 heads of long white gilts of the same age of age were randomly divided into 4 groups, each group of 4 repeats, each of which was 14. In the control group, the basal diet and the three test groups were fed with the daily ration of 0.2% probiotics, 0.1% fruit oligose, 0.1% probiotics and 0.05% fruit oligosaccharides in the basal diet, and the test period was 30 days. The weight of the pigs was measured at the beginning and end of the test. The results showed that the average daily weight gain of the probiotic group, the fructo-oligosaccharide group, the probiotics and the fructo-oligosaccharide compound group was improved, and the difference was significant (P0.05), in which the combination group of the probiotics and the fructo-oligosaccharide was increased by 21.2%, the probiotic group and the fructo-oligosaccharide group increased by 17.0% and 8.51%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the test groups (P0.05). (2) The effect of probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharides on the serum T3 and T4 of the gilts. The serum of 3 sows was collected on the basis of the above test, and the contents of T3, T4 and GH were determined by radioimmunoassay. The results showed that the levels of T3, T4 and GH in the serum of the probiotic group, the probiotics and the fructo-oligosaccharide compound group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05), the T3 levels increased by 29.4% and 37.3%, respectively; the T4 levels increased by 47.6% and 52.6%, respectively; and the GH was increased by 16.3% and 19.5%, respectively. The results showed that there was a significant increase of T3 in the group of fructo-oligosaccharides (P <0.05), but the effect on T4 and GH was not significant (P0.05). (3) The effect of probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharides on the nutrient digestibility of the back-up sow. The protein and energy in the diet and the feces were measured every day for 7 consecutive days on the 24th to 30th day of the experiment, and the digestibility of the protein and the energy was calculated. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the energy digestibility of the probiotic group and the fructo-oligosaccharide group increased significantly (P0.05), and the difference of the probiotics and the fructo-oligosaccharide group was increased by 5.4% and 4.9%, respectively. The digestibility of the crude protein in the probiotic group and the fruit-oligosaccharide group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). 8.4% and 10.0% respectively, but the effect of probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharide compound group was not significant (P0.05). (4) The effect of probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharides on the content of IgA, IgG and IgM in the serum of the gilts. The serum of 3 sows was collected on the basis of the above-mentioned test, and the IgA, IgG and IgM were determined by immunoturbidimetry. The results showed that the levels of IgG, IgA and IgM in the serum of the probiotics group, the probiotics and the fructo-oligosaccharide compound group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05), the IgG of the group was increased by 2.5% and 6.3%, and the IgA was increased by 9.5% and 18.1%, respectively, and the IgM was increased by 2.1% and 6.2%, respectively. However, there was no significant improvement in the fructo-oligosaccharide group compared with the control group (P0.05). (5) The effect of probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharides on the microorganisms in the back-up sow. The results showed that the number of E. coli in the 2,3 and 4 groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05). The difference between the test groups was not significant (P0.05). The number of lactobacilli in the combination group of probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharide was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). The results showed that the number of bifidobacteria in the group was increased by 21.2%, 33.7% and 130%, respectively. In which the combination group of probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharide was significantly higher than that in the control group and the fruit-oligosaccharide group (P0.05). (6) The effect of probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharides on the ammonia concentration in the back-up sow. The ammonia concentration analysis was carried out by the Nessler's reagent colorimetric method. The concentration of ammonia in the three groups was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05). The results of the test show that both the fructo-oligosaccharides and the probiotics can improve the growth performance and immune function of the gilts, improve the intestinal flora and reduce the ammonia concentration in the ring house of the sow, and the effect of the compound effect is more obvious, and the conclusion can be applied to the production practice in the future.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S828

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