大气主要污染物与儿童呼吸系统疾病住院率关系调查研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 00:24

本文选题：呼吸道疾病 + 空气污染物　；参考：《中国全科医学》2017年05期

【摘要】：背景儿童呼吸系统疾病发病率呈上升趋势,大气污染对儿童健康的影响越来越受重视。目的比较兰州市2014年和2015年大气主要污染物对1~5岁儿童呼吸系统疾病住院率影响的差异。方法于2016年5—6月通过"中国空气质量在线监测平台"收集2014—2015年兰州市大气主要污染物〔PM2.5、PM10、二氧化硫(SO_2)、二氧化氮(NO_2)、臭氧(O_3)〕每月平均污染水平的数据,并通过"甘肃省卫生系统疾控机构进医院信息平台"收集同时段兰州市1~5岁儿童呼吸系统疾病每月住院率数据。采用Pearson相关分析大气主要污染物与住院率及污染物之间的关系,并采用线性回归分析大气主要污染物对住院率的影响。结果 2014年和2015年PM2.5、PM10、SO_2、O_3水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);2015年NO_2水平、儿童呼吸系统疾病住院率高于2014年(P0.05)。2014年,PM2.5、PM10、SO_2、NO_2水平与住院率呈正相关(P0.05),O_3水平与住院率呈负相关(P0.05)。2015年,PM10和NO_2水平与住院率无直线相关性(P0.05),PM2.5和SO_2水平与住院率呈正相关(P0.05),O_3水平与住院率呈临界负相关(P=0.050)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,2014年,PM2.5〔t=3.79,P=0.004,方差膨胀因子(VIF)=1.45〕和NO_2(t=2.64,P=0.027,VIF=1.45)是住院率的影响因素(P0.05);2015年,SO_2(t=3.01,P=0.013,VIF=1.00)是住院率的影响因素(P0.05)。结论兰州市2015年儿童呼吸系统疾病住院率高于2014年,可能是由于2015年影响住院率的因素(SO_2)与2014年(PM2.5和NO_2)不同造成。
[Abstract]:Background the incidence of respiratory diseases in children is on the rise, and the effects of air pollution on children's health have been paid more and more attention. Objective to compare the effects of major atmospheric pollutants on the hospitalization rate of respiratory diseases in children aged 5 years in Lanzhou in 2014 and 2015. Methods from May to June 2016, data on the average monthly pollution levels of PM2.5 / PM10, sulfur dioxide / so _ 2 / S _ 2O _ 2, no _ 2 / S _ 2, O _ 2O _ 3 / O _ 3 were collected in Lanzhou from May to June 2016 through "China Air quality online Monitoring platform". At the same time, the data of monthly hospitalization rate of 5 year old children with respiratory system diseases in Lanzhou City were collected through the hospital information platform of the disease control institution of Gansu Province health system. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between air pollutants, hospitalization rate and pollutants, and linear regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of major atmospheric pollutants on hospitalization rate. Results there was no significant difference between 2014 and 2015 in the level of PM2.5 / PM10 / so _ 2C _ 2C _ 2 / O _ K3, and there was no significant difference in the level of NO_2 between 2014 and 2015 (P > 0.05). The hospitalization rate of respiratory system diseases in children was higher than that in 2014 (P 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the levels of PM2.5and so _ 2no _ 2 in 2014 and the rate of hospitalization. There was a negative correlation between the levels of P0.05 and O3 and the rate of hospitalization. There was no linear correlation between the levels of PM10 and NO_2 and the rate of hospitalization in 2015. There was a positive correlation between the levels of PM10, PM2.5 and SO_2 and the rate of hospitalization. There was a critical negative correlation between the level and the hospitalization rate. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that 2014 PM2.5 / t ~ (3.79) P ~ (0.004), variance expansion factor VIF1.45) and NO2 ~ (2 / 6) ~ (2.64) P ~ (0.027) ~ (1.45) were the influencing factors of hospitalization rate (P _ (0.05), and 2015 _ (~ (2) _ (T _ (3.01) P _ (0.013) ~ (VIF1.00) was the influencing factor of the rate of hospitalization (P _ (0.05). Conclusion the hospitalization rate of respiratory diseases in Lanzhou in 2015 is higher than that in 2014, which may be due to the fact that the factors affecting the hospitalization rate in 2015 are different from those of PM2.5 and NO2 in 2014.
【作者单位】：甘肃中医药大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室;甘肃省兰州市疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：R725.6

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