再生育妇女孕前保健知识、健康信念、社会支持与孕前保健行为的相关性研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 00:19

本文关键词： 再生育孕前保健行为孕前保健知识健康信念社会支持　出处：《山西医科大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的:通过调查再生育妇女一般情况、孕前保健知识、健康信念、社会支持及孕前保健行为的现状和特点,探讨再生育妇女孕前保健知识、健康信念、社会支持与孕前保健行为之间的相关性,归纳再生育妇女孕前保健行为的多种影响因素,并进一步量化分析直接和间接因素对孕前保健行为的影响效能,以期帮助再生育妇女提高孕前保健行为的依从性,同时为再生育一级预防及孕前健康教育干预措施的制定和倡导提供参考依据。方法:采取描述性相关性研究设计,便利抽样方法,选取2016年6月到11月在山西省妇幼保健院、太原市妇幼保健院门诊孕检以及住院分娩符合纳入标准的328例再生育妇女进行面对面调查。研究使用一般情况调查问卷、再生育孕前保健知识调查问卷、再生育孕前健康信念调查问卷、一般自我效能量表(GSES)、社会支持量表(SSRS)及再生育孕前保健行为调查问卷进行研究。收集的资料利用SPSS22.0软件包进行统计分析:采用描述性分析法,分别归纳一般情况、孕前保健知识、健康信念、社会支持及孕前保健行为的总分及各维度得分情况;采用Pearson相关性分析,分别探讨孕前保健知识、健康信念、社会支持与孕前保健行为之间的相关性;采用t检验、方差分析和多重线性回归进行统计分析,确定孕前保健行为的多种影响因素;采用回归取向的路径分析,将直接和间接因素对孕前保健行为影响效能的路径参数值量化。结果:1.再生育妇女孕前保健知识、健康信念、社会支持、孕前保健行为的现状:孕前保健知识总分为7.68±2.68分,平均0.51±0.18分,各维度平均分由高到底依次为孕前衣食住行等知识0.73±0.25分,出生缺陷知识0.43±0.29分,孕前医学生理知识0.41±0.22分,孕前避孕知识0.32±0.47分。孕前保健信念总分为101.19±32.83分,标准化平均分为56.22分,各维度标准化平均分由高到底依次为危机感66.35分,行动线索63.20分,自我效能59.90分,严重感58.50分,益处感48.65分,障碍感43.10分。再生育妇女社会支持总分为40.29±4.10分,标准化平均分为62.95分,各维度标准化平均分由高到底依次为,再生育妇女主观支持68.66分,再生育妇女对支持的利用度64.75分,再生育妇女客观支持41.30分。孕前保健行为总分为9.11±3.00分,平均分0.61±0.20,各维度平均分由高到底依次孕前合理避孕0.86±0.34分,孕前衣食住行等准备0.62±0.17分,再生育孕前医学生理准备0.57±0.26分,计划妊娠0.56±0.50。2.再生育妇女孕前保健知识、健康信念、社会支持与孕前保健行为的相关性:再生育妇女的孕前保健知识总体及各维度均与孕前保健行为呈正相关,pearson相关系数范围为0.176~0.802(p0.01)。再生育妇女的健康信念总体及各维度均与孕前保健行为呈正相关,pearson相关系数范围为0.616~0.793(p0.01)。再生育妇女的社会支持总体、主观支持、客观支持均与孕前保健行为呈正相关pearson相关系数分别为0.352、0.456、0.289(p0.01),而再生育妇女的社会支持利用度与孕前保健行为呈负相关r=-0.292(p0.01)。3.再生育妇女孕前保健行为直接影响因素的多重线性回归:最终有统计学意义的自变量有健康信念、孕前半年医学体检情况、孕前疾病、居住情况、社会支持,得到的回归方程为:再生育孕前保健行为=2.234+0.075健康信念+0.698孕前半年医学体检+1.503孕前疾病+0.629居住情况+(-0.078)社会支持。4.再生育妇女孕前保健行为影响因素的回归路径图:知识对孕前保健行为是间接效果,路径系数为0.763(p0.01)。健康信念对孕前保健行为是直接效果,路径系数为0.820(p0.01)。社会支持对孕前保健行为既有直接效果又有间接效果,路径系数分别为-0.075(p0.01)、0.081(p0.01),总效果合计为0.06。孕前半年医学体检情况对孕前保健行为是直接效果,路径系数为0.116(p0.05)。孕前疾病对孕前保健行为是直接效果,路径系数为0.241(p0.01)。居住情况对孕前保健行为是直接效果,路径系数为0.076(p0.05)。结论:1.再生育妇女孕前保健知识掌握较好、健康信念存在偏差、主观支持获得程度较高但缺乏外部社会主持、孕前保健行为实践情况较差。2.再生育妇女孕前保健知识、健康信念、社会支持均与孕前保健行为呈正相关,而对社会支持的利用度维度与孕前保健行为呈负相关。3.再生育妇女孕前保健行为主要受其孕前保健知识、健康信念、社会支持、孕前半年医学体检情况、孕前疾病、居住情况的影响。4.再生育妇女健康信念对孕前保健行为的直接影响效能最高,孕前保健知识对孕前保健行为的间接影响效能最高,而社会支持则主要是通过健康信念间接影响孕前保健行为。
[Abstract]:Objective: through the investigation of reproductive women in general, pre pregnancy health knowledge, health beliefs, status and characteristics of social support and preconception care behavior, to investigate the fertility of women before pregnancy health knowledge, health beliefs, the correlation between social support and health behavior before, under many kinds of influence factors of childbearing women preconception care behavior, and further quantitative analysis of the effectiveness of direct and indirect influences on preconception care behavior, in order to help women improve the compliance of the re birth of preconception care behavior, and intervention measures for the re birth of primary prevention and pre pregnancy health education to develop and provide reference basis for advocacy. Methods: descriptive correlational design, convenient sampling method, from June 2016 to in November, Shanxi Province Maternal and child health hospital, outpatient examination of pregnant Taiyuan maternal and child health hospital and hospital delivery in accordance with the inclusion criteria 328 cases of re birth Women face to face investigation. Investigation on the use of general situation questionnaire, questionnaire on reproductive health care during pregnancy, pre pregnancy reproductive health belief questionnaire, general self-efficacy scale (GSES), social support scale (SSRS) and regeneration activities preconception care behavior questionnaire survey research. The data collected by SPSS22.0 software package statistical analysis: descriptive analysis, summarize the general situation, pre pregnancy health knowledge, health beliefs, social support and preconception care behavior score and each dimension score; using Pearson correlation analysis, respectively discuss the pre pregnancy health knowledge, health beliefs, the correlation between social support and health behavior before pregnancy; by t test. Variance analysis and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis, the effect of various factors to determine the preconception care behavior; regression analysis using the path orientation, will direct and The path parameters influence the effectiveness of behavior factors on pregnancy health care value quantization. Results: 1. reproductive women before pregnancy health knowledge, health beliefs, social support, status quo of preconception care behavior: pre pregnancy health knowledge score was 7.68 + 2.68, average 0.51 + 0.18 points, each dimension average score from high in the end were pre knowledge of basic necessities of life 0.73 + 0.25, 0.43 + 0.29 birth defects knowledge, pre medical physiology knowledge 0.41 + 0.22, 0.32 + 0.47 progestational contraceptive knowledge. Preconception care score was 101.19 + 32.83 belief points, standardized average score of 56.22 points, each dimension of standardized average score from high in the end are the sense of crisis 66.35 63.20, cues to action, self-efficacy of 59.90 points, 58.50 points are serious, good sense of 48.65 points, 43.10 points. Then the obstacle sense women in the family social support score was 40.29 + 4.10, the standard average score is 62.95, the average dimension of standardization By the end were high, reproductive women's subjective support 68.66 points, then women in the family support utilization of 64.75 points, to 41.30 points. The objective support women's fertility behavior preconception care total score is 9.11 + 3, an average of 0.61 + 0.20, the average high in the end are reasonable before 0.86 + 0.34 points each contraceptive for 0.62 dimensions, before the basic necessities of life + 0.17, the reproductive physiological pre medical preparations for the 0.57 + 0.26, 0.56 + 0.50.2. and family planning pregnancy pre pregnancy health knowledge, health beliefs, relationship between social support and health behavior of pre pregnancy: maternal pre pregnancy health knowledge and the overall dimensions are positively correlated with preconception care behavior Pearson, the correlation coefficient is in the range of 0.176~0.802 (P0.01). Then the overall health beliefs of the women in the family and the relationship between pre pregnancy health behaviors were positively correlated, the correlation coefficient was in the range of 0.616 ~0.793 Pearson (P0.01). Then the birth of the women's overall social support, subjective support, objective support were positively correlated with the preconception care behavior of Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.352,0.456,0.289 (P0.01), and then the women in the family social support utilization and preconception care behavior was negatively correlated with r=-0.292 (P0.01).3. pregnant women pregnancy health care behavior directly affects multiple linear regression finally: the statistically significant variables of health, medical examination before pregnancy during the first half of pregnancy, disease, living conditions, social support, the regression equation was obtained: the reproductive health behavior of pre pregnancy health belief =2.234+0.075 +0.698 +1.503 six months pre medical examination before pregnancy disease +0.629 living + (-0.078).4. and social support of preconception care reproductive behavior women's influencing factors path: knowledge is the indirect effect of preconception health behavior, the path coefficient was 0.763 (P0.01). Health Channel Reading is a direct effect of preconception health behavior, the path coefficient was 0.820 (P0.01). The social support of preconception health behavior has direct effect and indirect effect, the path coefficients were -0.075 (P0.01), 0.081 (P0.01), the total effect of total 0.06. six months pre medical examination is the direct effect of preconception care behavior. The path coefficient was 0.116 (P0.05). The disease is the direct effect of pre pregnancy health care behavior, path coefficient is 0.241 (P0.01). The living conditions of the direct effect of preconception health behavior, the path coefficient was 0.076 (P0.05). Conclusion: 1. reproductive women before pregnancy care knowledge better, health belief bias, subjective support but the lack of high degree of external social host, preconception care practice poor.2. fertility of women before pregnancy health knowledge, health belief and social support were associated with pregnancy health care behavior positively to social supports The degree of using and preconception care behavior was negatively related to.3. and preconception care behavior of women in the family is mainly affected by the reproductive health knowledge, health beliefs, social support, medical examination before pregnancy during the first half of pregnancy, disease, health beliefs influence.4. living conditions to have a direct impact on the behavior of pregnant women before the health high efficiency of preconception care knowledge the indirect influence on the behavior of the highest efficiency of preconception care, and social support is mainly indirect effects of preconception care behavior through health beliefs.

【学位授予单位】：山西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R715.3

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