胎盘发育过程中的表观遗传学改变及其相关疾病

发布时间：2018-10-08 06:21

【摘要】：胎盘介于胎儿与母体之间,是维持胎儿宫内生长发育的重要器官。在胎盘的正常发育过程中,子宫正常蜕膜化、滋养层细胞粘附与侵袭、胎盘血管生成与形成、胎盘印记基因表达都受到表观遗传修饰(如DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA等)的调控。研究已经证实环境因素如重金属、化合物、现代辅助生殖技术、营养物质均可导致胎盘上多种基因的表观遗传修饰异常。此外,胎盘基因表达存在性别差异也可能与表观遗传修饰有关。目前,在临床上可运用产前DNA甲基化水平分析技术检测异常的表观遗传修饰,并在疾病早期发现并做出诊断,从而为疾病预防及治疗提供依据。本文对胎盘正常发育过程中表观遗传修饰的调控及环境因素所致的胎盘基因表观遗传改变进行了综述,以期对胎盘相关疾病的诊断与治疗提供借鉴和参考。
[Abstract]:The placenta lies between the fetus and the mother and is an important organ to maintain the fetal intrauterine growth and development. During the normal development of the placenta, the normal decidua of uterus, the adhesion and invasion of trophoblast cells, the formation and formation of placental vessels, the expression of placental imprinted gene are all modified by epigenetic modification (such as DNA methylation, histone modification). Non-coding RNA, etc. It has been proved that environmental factors such as heavy metals, compounds, modern assisted reproductive techniques and nutrients can lead to epigenetic modification of many genes in placenta. In addition, gender differences in placental gene expression may also be related to epigenetic modification. At present, prenatal DNA methylation level analysis technique can be used to detect abnormal epigenetic modification in clinic, and to detect and diagnose the disease in the early stage, so as to provide evidence for disease prevention and treatment. In this paper, the regulation of epigenetic modification and the epigenetic changes caused by environmental factors during the normal development of placenta were reviewed in order to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of placenta-related diseases.
【作者单位】：武汉大学人民医院;武汉大学基础医学院药理学系;武汉大学发育源性疾病湖北省重点实验室;
【基金】：国际(地区)合作与交流项目(编号:30830112) 国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:81430089)资助~~
【分类号】：R714.5

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