妊娠期家庭控烟现状调查及影响因素分析

发布时间：2019-01-24 10:08

【摘要】：背景由于男性的高吸烟率,我国育龄期妇女正在遭受被动吸烟的严重危害,二胎的放开迎来更多妊娠期家庭,进行以妊娠期家庭为整体的控烟调查具有重要意义。目的了解妊娠期家庭各成员的吸烟状况及家庭控烟情况,分析烟草危害认知对控烟行为的影响,为探索妊娠期控烟策略提供思路。方法选取2014年7—10月于上海市嘉定区妇幼保健院进行产检的门诊孕妇或住院待产的孕产妇及配偶为调查对象,采用自行设计的问卷进行调查。孕产妇发放孕产妇版调查问卷,配偶发放配偶版调查问卷,调查孕产妇及配偶的人口学基本情况及对妊娠期控烟的认知。结果实际发放问卷942份,回收有效问卷926份,有效回收率为98.3%。孕产妇平均年龄为(26.5±4.0)岁,配偶平均年龄为(28.1±4.5)岁。妊娠前孕产妇主动吸烟率为2.8%(26/926),妊娠期为1.4%(13/926),差异有统计学意义(χ2=291.71,P0.05),戒烟率为50.0%(13/26)。妊娠前配偶主动吸烟率为30.7%(284/926),妊娠期为27.6%(256/926),差异有统计学意义(χ2=680.24,P0.05),戒烟率为9.9%(28/284)。妊娠前同住者主动吸烟率为18.7%(76/407),妊娠期为16.0%(65/407),差异有统计学意义(χ2=269.77,P0.05),戒烟率为14.5%(11/76)。妊娠前家庭吸烟率为34.2%(317/926),妊娠期为30.1%(279/926),差异有统计学意义(χ2=672.83,P0.05),戒烟率为12.0%(38/317)。妊娠期吸烟家庭控烟率为63.1%(200/317),所有家庭控烟率为86.7%(803/926)。单因素分析结果显示,孕产妇文化程度、配偶文化程度、家庭人均月收入、是否有10岁以下未成年人同住、是否为核心家庭、孕产妇了解二手烟的程度、孕产妇知道二手烟对孕产妇和胎儿危害的程度、孕产妇认为被动吸烟对健康的影响、孕产妇对当面吸烟者的态度、吸烟配偶对吸烟的看法及吸烟配偶知道二手烟对孕产妇和胎儿危害的程度与妊娠期家庭控烟率有关(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,配偶文化程度、是否有10岁以下未成年人同住、是否为核心家庭、孕产妇对当面吸烟者的态度、孕产妇认为被动吸烟对健康的影响与妊娠期家庭控烟率有回归关系(P0.05)。结论妊娠期家庭控烟率较高,但家庭吸烟成员的戒烟率较低,孕产妇的控烟认知对家庭控烟行为影响较大,改变妊娠期家庭成员的控烟认知可帮助提高妊娠期家庭控烟率。
[Abstract]:Background due to the high smoking rate of men, women of childbearing age in China are suffering from the serious harm of passive smoking. It is of great significance to carry out tobacco control investigation with pregnant families as a whole. Objective to investigate the smoking status of family members during pregnancy and the family smoking control situation, and to analyze the effect of tobacco hazard cognition on tobacco control behavior, and to provide ideas for exploring smoking control strategies during pregnancy. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the outpatient pregnant women and their spouses of pregnant women and their spouses who were examined at the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Jiading District in Shanghai from July to October 2014. The basic demographic status of pregnant women and their spouses and their cognition of smoking control during pregnancy were investigated. Results 942 questionnaires were sent out, 926 valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective recovery rate was 98.3%. The average age of pregnant women was (26.5 卤4.0) years old and that of spouses was (28.1 卤4.5) years old. The rate of active smoking was 2.8% (26 / 926) before pregnancy and 1.4% (13 / 926) during pregnancy. The difference was statistically significant (蠂 ~ (2 / 2) 291.71), and the smoking cessation rate was 50.0% (13 / 26). The rate of active smoking was 30.7% (284 / 926) before pregnancy and 27.6% (256 / 926) during pregnancy. The difference was statistically significant (蠂 2 680.24P 0.05), and the smoking cessation rate was 9.9% (28 / 284). The active smoking rate was 18.7% (76 / 407) and 16.0% (65 / 407) during pregnancy. The difference was statistically significant (蠂 2 269.77 P 0.05), and the smoking cessation rate was 14.5% (11 / 76). The smoking rate of family before pregnancy was 34.2% (31.7 / 926), and that of pregnancy was 30.1% (279 / 926). The difference was statistically significant (蠂 ~ 2 / 672.83 P 0.05), and the smoking cessation rate was 12.0% (38 / 317). Smoking control rate was 63.1% (200 / 317) in pregnant families and 86.7% (803 / 926) in all families. The results of univariate analysis showed that the education level of pregnant and lying-in women, the education level of spouses, the per capita monthly income of families, whether there were minors under 10 years of age living with them, whether they were nuclear families, and whether the pregnant and lying-in women knew about second-hand smoke, The pregnant and lying-in women know the extent of the harm of second-hand smoke to the pregnant women and the fetus, the maternal and lying-in women think that passive smoking affects their health, and the attitude of the pregnant women to the face smokers, Smoking spouse's view on smoking and the degree of second-hand smoke harm to pregnant women and fetus were related to smoking control rate of family during pregnancy (P0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the education level of the spouse, whether there were minors under 10 years of age living with each other, whether it was a nuclear family, and the attitude of pregnant women to face smokers. Pregnant women believed that the effect of passive smoking on health had a regression relationship with family smoking control rate during pregnancy (P0.05). Conclusion the smoking control rate of family during pregnancy is higher, but the smoking cessation rate of family smoking members is lower. The smoking control cognition of pregnant women has a great influence on family smoking control behavior. Changing the smoking control cognition of family members during pregnancy can help to improve the smoking control rate of family in pregnancy.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学公共卫生学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目(14CGL077)
【分类号】：R715.3

【参考文献】