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肠上皮细胞PD-L1表达及其在脓毒症肠屏障功能障碍中的作用

发布时间:2018-07-01 11:41

  本文选题:脓毒症 + 肠屏障功能 ; 参考:《第二军医大学》2014年博士论文


【摘要】:研究背景与目的 脓毒症是机体对感染产生的一种全身炎症反应,如今仍是加强监护病房引起患者死亡的主要原因之一。肠黏膜屏障功能障碍和通透性增加伴随着脓毒症的发生发展。肠黏膜屏障功能受损后引发的细菌移位可成为继发脓毒症的原因,而脓毒症导致的肠组织血液供应下降及炎症因子风暴可进一步加重肠黏膜破坏,由此形成恶性循环。近来研究显示免疫共抑制分子程序性死亡受体-1(programmed cell death-1, PD-1)/程序性死亡受体配体-1(programmed cell death ligand-1, PD-L1)信号通路与肠道免疫耐受及多种肠道炎性疾病相关;通过基因敲除小鼠或阻断性抗体干预阻断PD-1/PD-L1信号通路可以减轻脓毒症导致的小鼠肠组织损伤。肠上皮细胞是肠黏膜物理屏障的重要组成部分,同时肠上皮细胞还可作为抗原递呈细胞参与肠免疫屏障。PD-L1主要表达在抗原递呈细胞,在非免疫细胞表面也有表达。研究显示胃上皮及结肠上皮细胞均表达或可诱导表达PD-L1,,关于小肠上皮细胞是否表达PD-L1及其在脓毒症导致的肠屏障功能障碍中的作用尚不明确。 本课题拟首先研究PD-L1分子在正常小鼠小肠上皮细胞的表达;其次观察盲肠结扎穿孔(cecal ligation and puncture, CLP)对小鼠小肠上皮细胞PD-L1表达的影响。最后利用PD-L1基因敲除小鼠,观察PD-L1敲除是否改善脓毒症肠黏膜屏障功能障碍并探讨可能的机制,并在体外用人肠上皮细胞系Caco-2细胞进行验证。 实验对象及方法 1.正常八周龄雄性野生型C57BL/6小鼠4只,处死后分离小肠上皮细胞,应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(ploymerase chain reaction, PCR)、Western blot分别检测PD-L1mRNA和蛋白表达。 2.雄性野生型C57BL/6小鼠42只,随机分为假手术组(Sham,n=18)和模型组(CLP, n=24)。分三个时间点(手术后6h、24h和48h)处死小鼠,分离小肠上皮细胞,应用定量PCR、Western blot分别检测PD-L1mRNA和蛋白表达。 3.将10只野生型C57BL/6小鼠及10只PD-L1基因敲除小鼠随机分为WTSham组、WT CLP组、PD-L1-/-Sham组和PD-L1-/-CLP组,假手术组每组4只,模型组每组6只。术后24h检测不同组小鼠小肠对4KD荧光素异硫氰酸酯-葡聚糖(fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran, FD4)的通透性反应小肠黏膜屏障功能的变化。 4.将14只野生型C57BL/6小鼠及14只PD-L1基因敲除小鼠随机分为WTSham组、WT CLP组、PD-L1-/-Sham组和PD-L1-/-CLP组,假手术组每组6只,模型组每组8只。术后24h收集小鼠回肠组织。利用ELISA方法检测小肠组织匀浆内TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10和MCP-1等细胞因子的表达。用Western bolt方法检测小肠ZO-1、Occludin、Claudin-1等紧密连接蛋白的表达。 5.培养人结肠上皮细胞系Caco-2细胞,用定量PCR、Western blot和流式细胞术分别检测Caco-2细胞PD-L1mRNA和蛋白表达,用定量PCR检测重组人TNF-α或IFN-γ不同浓度和时间刺激后Caco-2细胞PD-L1mRNA表达,用流式细胞术检测重组人TNF-α和IFN-γ联合刺激后Caco-2细胞表面PD-L1蛋白表达。 6.利用Caco-2细胞建立肠上皮细胞屏障模型,分为对照组、TNF-α/IFN-γ预处理组、TNF-α/IFN-γ+抗PD-L1抗体处理组、TNF-α/IFN-γ+同型对照抗体处理组。测定不同组细胞单层接受处理72h后对FD-4的通透性;用免疫荧光染色观察抗PD-L1抗体对Caco-2单层紧密连接蛋白ZO-1和Occludin的影响。 结果 1.小鼠小肠上皮细胞组成性表达PD-L1mRNA及蛋白。 2.脓毒症小鼠小肠上皮细胞PD-L1mRNA表达在术后6h、24h和48h均显著高于假手术组(p0.05),PD-L1蛋白表达在术后6h无变化,术后24h和48h与假手术组相比均显著升高(p0.05)。 3.术后24h,与WT Sham组相比,野生型脓毒症小鼠小肠对FD4的通透性显著增加(p0.05),PD-L1基因敲除显著降低了脓毒症小鼠小肠对FD4的通透性(p0.05)。 4.术后24h,与WT Sham组相比,野生型脓毒症小鼠回肠组织TNF-α、IL-6和MCP-1水平显著升高(p0.05),ZO-1、Occludin、Claudin-1蛋白表达明显下降(p0.05)。与WT CLP组相比,PD-L1基因敲除显著降低了脓毒症小鼠小肠组织内TNF-α、IL-6和MCP-1等细胞因子水平(p0.05),PD-L1基因缺失可以预防脓毒症导致的肠紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、Occludin、Claudin-1表达下降(p0.05)。 5.人肠上皮细胞系Caco-2细胞组成性表达PD-L1mRNA及蛋白。PD-L1mRNA及蛋白在重组人TNF-α和/或IFN-γ刺激后显著增加(p0.05)。 6.抗PD-L1抗体预处理显著减轻TNF-α和IFN-γ引起的Caco-2单层通透性增加(p0.05),同时能够防止TNF-α和IFN-γ预处理引起的细胞间ZO-1和Occludin紧密连接蛋白结构紊乱。 结论 小肠上皮细胞表达免疫共抑制分子PD-L1,脓毒症显著增加PD-L1在肠上皮细胞的表达。PD-L1基因敲除可明显改善脓毒症导致的小肠通透性增加,其机制可能为减少肠组织内细胞因子水平,防止脓毒症导致的紧密连接蛋白表达下降。研究提示肠上皮细胞表达PD-L1,参与脓毒症导致的肠屏障功能紊乱。
[Abstract]:Background and purpose of study

Septicemia is one of the main causes of systemic inflammation caused by infection , and it is still one of the main causes of death in intensive care ward . Intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction and increased permeability are associated with the development of sepsis . Bacterial translocation caused by intestinal mucosal barrier function can be the cause of secondary sepsis , and sepsis leads to a vicious circle . Recent studies have shown that the immune coinhibition molecule programmed cell death - 1 ( PD - 1 ) / programmed death receptor ligand - 1 ( programmed cell death ligand - 1 , PD - L1 ) signal pathway is associated with intestinal immune tolerance and various enteric diseases .
PD - 1 / PD - L1 signaling pathway can alleviate intestinal tissue injury in mice due to sepsis . Intestinal epithelial cells are an important part of the physical barrier of intestinal mucosa , and intestinal epithelial cells can also act as antigen - presenting cells to participate in intestinal immune barrier .

To study the expression of PD - L1 molecules in small intestinal epithelial cells of normal mice .
The effect of cecal ligation and puncture ( CLP ) on the expression of PD - L1 in small intestinal epithelial cells of mice was investigated .

Experimental object and method

1 . Four male wild - type C57BL / 6 mice were sacrificed and the small intestine epithelial cells were isolated . The expression of PD - L1 mRNA and protein was detected by real - time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) and Western blot .

2 . Forty - two male wild - type C57BL / 6 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group ( Sham , n = 18 ) and model group ( CLP , n = 24 ) . Mice were sacrificed at three time points ( 6 h , 24 h and 48 h after surgery ) to separate small intestinal epithelial cells . Quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect PD - L1 mRNA and protein expression .

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